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1 atque or (only before consonants) ac
atque or (only before consonants) ac conj. [ad + que], and (like - que, it connects words or thoughts which form a whole, but unlike - que gives prominence rather to what follows, and is rarely repeated). I. Copulative. A. Connecting single words and expressions, and, as well as, together with: restituam ac reddam, T.: infamia atque indignitas rei, Cs.: honesta atque inhonesta, S.: parere atque imperare iuxta, L.: acies in speciem simul ac terrorem constiterat, Ta.—Poet. for et... et: Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater, V.—Very rarely after one or more words of its phrase: hederā Gaudere pullā atque myrto, H.—In the phrases: unus atque alter, one and another, one or two, S.: alius atque alius, one and another, successive: aliā atque aliā de causā, L.: etiam atque etiam, again and again, repeatedly: semel atque iterum: iterum atque iterum, V.: huc atque illuc, hither and thither: longe atque late, far and wide.—Adding an emphatic expression, and in fact, and that too, and even, and indeed, and in particular: iter in provinciam nostram atque Italiam, Cs.: dis inmortalibus gratia atque ipsi Iovi: hebeti ingenio atque nullo: res tanta atque tam atrox, S.: Py. cognoscitne? Ch. Ac memoriter, yes, and that too, etc., T.: uno atque eo perexiguo tempore, and that too: atque eo magis, and so much the more: atque id eo magis, and that the more, Cs.: duabus missis cohortibus, atque his primis, etc., Cs. — With adeo or etiam: consilium atque adeo amentia, and in fact: cupide accipiat atque etiam bene dicat, and even, T.: atque adeo etiam, and even, L. — B. Connecting closely related thoughts, and so, and even, and... too (usu. beginning the clause): atque eccum! and there he is too! T.: Africanus indigens mei? Minime... ac ne ego quidem illius, and I too am not: Punicā religione servata fides est, atque in vincula omnes coniecit, L.—After a word in its clause: funus atque imagines ducant, etc., H.— Adding an emphatic clause: exsules adlicere coepit: ac tantam sibi auctoritatem comparaverat, etc., Cs.: vos pro libertate non... nitemini? atque eo vehementius, quod, etc., S.—With a negative: si fidem habeat... ac non id metuat, ne, etc., and does not rather, T.: quasi nunc id agatur, quis... ac non hoc quaeratur: ut civem, ac non potius ut hostem.—Adding an adversative clause, and yet, and nevertheless: Quibus nunc sollicitor rebus!... atque ex me hic natus non est, T.: non dicere pro nobis possunt; atque haec a nobis petunt omnia: nihil praeterea est magno opere dicendum. ac tamen... pauca etiam nunc dicam. —In transitions, etc.: locum delegerunt. ac primo adventu, etc., Cs.: Atque ea diversa, dum geruntur, V.: Atque hic tantus vir, N.: nomen ei iugo Alpium inditum transgressum, L.— II. After words of comparison, as, than, than as: nihil aeque atque illam vim requirit: neque mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit: pariter ac si hostes adessent, S.: castra movere iuxta ac si hostes adessent, S.: proinde ac de hominum est vitā merita: cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus, N.: similiter atque ipse eram commotus: fit aliud atque existimaris: aliter causam agi atque iste existimaret: non secus ac si meus esset frater: simulacrum contra atque antea fuerat convertere: simul atque adsedisti: haud minus ac iussi faciunt, V.: Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus, H.Latin-English dictionary > atque or (only before consonants) ac
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2 ex or (only before consonants) ē
ex or (only before consonants) ē praep. with abl, out of, from within (opp. in). I. In space, out of, from: signa ex urbe tollere: solem e mundo tollere: ex hoc fonticulo tantumdem sumere, H.: ex Aethiopiā Ancillula, T.: ex urbe sicarii: eius ex Africā reditus: ex Hispaniā quidam, Cs.: puer ex aulā, H.—From, down from, from off: ex speluncā saxum in crura eius incidisse: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, from horseback, Cs.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur.—Up from, above, out of: collis paululum ex planitie editus, Cs.: globum terrae eminentem e mari.—In gen., from, down from, at, in, upon: ex cruce Italiam cernere: ex equo pugnare: ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Cs.: ex hoc loco verba fecisti: ex vinculis causam dicere, L.— Esp., in adverbial phrases: ex itinere, on the march, without halting, S.: ex fugā, during the flight, Cs.: portus ex adverso urbi positus, opposite, L.: erat e regione oppidi collis, over against, Cs.: ex omni parte perfectum, entirely: aliquā ex parte incommodis mederi, in some measure: impetūs ex maximā parte servorum: e vestigio, suddenly.— II. In time, of succession, from, immediately after, directly after, after, following: Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam: tanta vilitas annonae ex inopiā consecuta est: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitem, Cs.: Aliam rem ex aliā cogitare, T.: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, L.: diem ex die exspectabam, day after day.—Of duration, from... onward, from, since, beginning at: ex eā die ad hanc diem: ex eo die, quo, etc.: ex certo tempore, after a fixed date: ex aeterno tempore: Motum ex Metello consule (bellum), H.: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., since, Ta.: Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Ian. magni tumultūs sint, after. —With the notion of escape or relief, from and after, from: se ex labore reficere, Cs.: ex illo metu mortis recreatus: animus ex miseriis requievit, S. — Esp., in phrases: ex tempore effutire, off hand, without reflection: ex meo tempore, for my convenience: in quibus (quaestionibus) ex tempore officium quaeritur, according to circumstances: ex intervallo consequi, after a while: ex tempore aliquo.— III. Fig., of the point of departure, away from, from, out of, of: amicitiam e vitā tollunt: e fundo eiectus, dispossessed of: agro ex hoste capto, L.: ex populo R. bona accipere, S. —Partitive uses, of a whole or class, of, out of, from among, among: alia ex hoc quaestu, i. e. trade, T.: non orator unus e multis, i. e. no common: acerrimus ex omnibus sensibus: ex primo hastato (ordine) legionis, one of the first division, Cs.: multum ex ripā colere, Ta.: altitudo puppium ex navibus, Cs. — Of the means, out of, by means of, with: ex incommodis Alterius sua ut conparent commoda, T.: ex caede vivunt: largiri ex alieno, L.; cf. ex iure hesterno panem vorent, dipped in, T.—Of the origin or source, from, out of, born of, arising from: bellorum causae ex rei p. contentione natae: ex pertinaciā oritur seditio: ex animo amicus, heartily.—Esp. with verbs of sense, intelligence, etc.: quā re negent, ex me non audies: ut ex amicis acceperam: ex quo intellegere posset: ut ex iis quaeratur: video ex litteris.—Of the material, of, out of: statua ex aere facta: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore: milites mixti ex conluvione gentium, L. — Of a condition or nature which is changed, from, out of: di ex hominibus facti: ex exsule consul: duas ex unā civitate discordia fecerat, L. — Of the cause, from, through, by, in consequence of, by reason of, on account of: gravida e Pamphilo, T.: infirmus ex morbo: e viā languere: ex gravitate loci volgari morbos, L.: ex illā ipsā re, for that very reason: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.: ex hac clade atrox ira, L.: ex legato timor, Ta.—From, after, on account of: cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, S.: nomen ex vitio positum, O.: urbem e suo nomine Romam iussit nominari. —Of measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with, in pursuance of, by: ex aliarum ingeniis me iudicet, T.: dies ex praeceptis tuis actus: ex consuetudine suā, Cs.: e virtute vivere: ex senatūs sententiā: ex sententiā, satisfactorily, T.: illum ex artificio comico aestimabat.—Esp., in the phrases, ex re, according to the fact, to the advantage, to profit: oratio ex re et ex causā habita: Non ex re istius, for his good, T.: garrit Ex re fabellas, apt, H.: quid tam e re p. fuit? for the public benefit: ex usu, advantageous: ex usu quod est, id persequar, T.: rem ex usu Galliae accidisse, Cs.: e re natā, according to circumstances, T.—Of manner, mostly in adverb. phrases: res ex libidine magis quam ex vero celebrare, arbitrarily... justly, S.: dicam ex animo, outright: ex composito, by agreement, L.: ex facili, with ease, Ta.— IV. In compounds, ex stands before vowels and h, and before c, p (except epoto, epotus), q, s (except escendere, escensio), t; ef (sometimes ec) before f; ē before b, d, g, i consonant, l (except exlex), m, n, v. For exs-, ex- alone is often written (exanguis for exsanguis, etc.). -
3 NON DIFFERENTES PROPRIE SED TANTUM DIVERSAE (NOT DIFFERING IN THE PROPER SENSE OF THE WORD BUT ONLY DIVERSE)
не различные в строгом смысле этого слова, а всего лишь разнообразные, т. е. обладают чем-то общим.Латинский словарь средневековых философских терминов > NON DIFFERENTES PROPRIE SED TANTUM DIVERSAE (NOT DIFFERING IN THE PROPER SENSE OF THE WORD BUT ONLY DIVERSE)
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4 tantum
only. -
5 Solum potestis prohibere ignes silvarum
Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Solum potestis prohibere ignes silvarum
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6 Tantum eruditi sunt liberi
• Only the educated are free. (Epictetus)Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Tantum eruditi sunt liberi
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7 tantummodo
only just, just so long as. -
8 modo
modo (modō, C. poët.), adv. (sometimes passing into a conj.) [abl. of modus]. I. In gen., by a measure, with a limit ; hence, only, merely, solely, simply, but, no more than: unum modo: oppido modo potiti, the bare town, S.: parvam modo causam timoris adferre, Cs.: delectationem modo habere, nunc vero etiam salutem: circi modo spectaculum fuerat, L.: modo ut haec nobis loca tenere liceat; see also dum, solum, tantum.—In urgent commands or wishes, only: modo facito ut illam serves, only be sure to, T.: modo fac, ne quid aliud cures: tu modo... impende laborem, V.: vos modo animos mihi adhibete, Cu.—In the phrase, modo non, only not, almost: modo non montīs auri pollicens, T.—In the phrase, non modo, much less: quos clientīs nemo habere velit, non modo illorum cliens esse.—Usu. followed by sed or verum, not only... but: non modo ceteri, sed tu ipse: ne non modo intrare, verum aspicere possim: non modo non credibiliter, sed ne suspi<*> ciose quidem: non modo honeste, verum etiam communi luce.—But non modo usu. stands for non modo non, before ne... quidem, when both clauses have the same predicate: non modo proditori, sed ne perfugae quidem locus fuit: ut id non modo neglegentiae meae, sed ne occupation<*> quidem tribuas.— II. In conditions, with ut and subj, if but, provided only, on condition that: scies Modo ut tacere possis, T.: concede, ut impune emerit, modo ut bonā ratione emerit.—As conj, if only, provided that, on condition that: manent ingenia senibus, modo permaneat industria: ea mihi probantur, modo ne illa exceptio incurrat, etc.—Elliptic, but, but yet, if only, however: decerne, modo recte: bonis viris faciendum est modo pro facultatibus: veniam quo vocas, modo adiutore te.—With relatives, in any degree, at all, only, merely, even: servus, qui modo tolerabili condicione sit servitutis: philosophus, in quo modo esset auctoritas: primi, quā modo praeirent duces, tamen signa sequebantur, wherever, L.—With si, if only, if but: tu si modo es Romae: scis, si modo meministi, etc.: Persequar inferius, modo si licet ordine ferre, O.— III. Of time, just now, just: La. advenis modo? Pa. admodum, T.: modo nunc, V.: modo iam, Tb.— Just now, but this moment, a little while ago, lately, recently: quid dico nuper?: immo vero modo ac plane paulo ante: quae modo consulem osculata filium suum, nunc cruciatur: si hodie bella sint, quale Gallicum modo, L.— Presently, immediately, directly, in a moment: domum modo ibo, T.: modo prohiberi etiam se senatūs consulto diceret, L.—In correlation, with modo repeated, or with another adv.: modo... modo, now... now, at one moment... at another, sometimes... sometimes: modo ait, modo negat, at times he says yes, at times no, T.: Cotta meus modo hoc, modo illud: citus modo, modo tardus incessus, S.: nunc... modo, L.: modo... Nunc, O.: nobilitas perculsa modo per socios, interdum per equites, S.: saepe cum anellis, modo laevā inani, H.: modo... modo... saepe, S.—With tum or deinde, at first... then, at one time... at another: sol modo accedens, tum autem recedens: dicere modo unum, tum autem plurīs deos: ilex, paulum modo prona, deinde flexa, S.* * *Ionly, merely; just now/recently, lately; presentlyIIbut, if only; but only -
9 Alius
1.Ālĭus (better Ālĕus), a, um, adj., = Elius (v. Alis and Elis), Elian; subst., a native of Elis, a town in Achaia (only a few times in Plaut. Capt.):2.postquam belligerant Aetoli cum Aleis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 24; 27; 2, 2, 30.ălĭus, a, ud, adj. and subst. (old form, alis, alid, after the analogy of quis, quid:I.alis rare,
Cat. 66, 28; Sall. ap. Charis, 2, p. 133; Inscr. Orell. 2488:alid more freq.,
Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 257; 5, 1305; 5, 1456; Cat. 29, 15; cf. Prisc. 13, p. 959.— Gen. sing. masc.: alius, rare, and not used by Tac.; for which alterius is com. used (v. alter); also alii, Cato and Licin. ap. Prisc. 194 P.; Varr. R. R. 1, 2.— Fem. gen.:aliae,
Lucr. 3, 918; Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30; Liv. 24, 27, 8; Gell. 2, 28, 1; Capito ap. Gell. 4, 10, 8.— Masc. dat.:ali,
Lucr. 6, 1226:alio,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 13. — Fem. dat.:aliae,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 207; Gell. 9, 4, 8) [cf. allos; Osc. allo ( nom. sing. fem.); Goth. alis; Erse, aile; O. H. Germ. alles, elles ( conj.); Engl. else], another, [p. 90] other (i. e. of many, whereas alter is one of two, v. exceptt. under II. G.); freq. with the indef. pronn. aliquis, quis, aliqui, qui, quidam, and the interrog. quis, qui, etc.A.. In gen.:► Instances of the rare gen.eorum sectam sequuntur multi mortales... multi alii ex Troja strenui viri,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 16:alios multos,
Vulg. Matt. 15, 30; ib. Marc. 7, 4:plures alios,
ib. ib. 12, 5:cum aliis pluribus,
ib. Act. 15, 35:an ita dissolvit, ut omnes alii dissolverunt?
Cic. Font. 1; Tac. H. 5, 5:dum aliud aliquid flagiti conficiat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:nec nobis praeter med alius quisquam est servos Sosia,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 244:nec quisquam alius affuit,
id. ib. 1, 1, 269:panem vel aliud quidquam,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 3, 35. utrum hanc actionem habebis an aliam quampiam; Cic. Caecin. 37:quidquid aliud dare,
Vulg. Lev. 22, 25:ALIS NE POTESTO,
Inscr. Orell. 2488:datum Mi esse ab dis aliis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 12:adulescentulo in alio occupato amore,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:aut aliae cujus desiderium insideat rei,
Lucr. 3, 918:ne quam aliam quaerat copiam,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 54:nisi quid pater ait aliud,
id. And. 5, 4, 47:si verum est, Q. Fabium Labeonem seu quem alium arbitrum a senatu datum, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33:quodcumque alid auget,
Lucr. 5, 257:Est alius quidam, parasitaster paululus,
Ter. Ad. 5. 2, 4; so Vulg. Luc. 22, 59:tuo (judicio) stabis, si aliud quoddam est tuum,
Cic. Or. 71, 237:L. Aemilius alius vir erat,
Liv. 44, 18:Genus ecce aliud discriminis audi,
Juv. 12, 24:alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit,
Cic. Verr. 5, 117; Tac. Agr. 39:nemo alius,
Cic. Pis. 94; Vulg. Joan. 15, 24:alius nemo,
Cic. Quinct. 76:plus alimenti est in pane quam in ullo alio,
Cels. 2, 18:aliud esse causae suspicamur,
Cic. Fl. 39:Anne aliud tunc praefecti?
Juv. 4, 78:estne viris reliqui aliud,
Sall. Fragm. 187, 19:aliud auxilii,
Tac. A. 5, 8:aliud subsidii,
id. ib. 12, 46:alia honorum,
id. ib. 1, 9:alia sumptuum,
id. ib. 15, 15:sunt alia quae magis timeam,
Cic. Phil. 5, 29: Facete is quidem, sicut alia, many other things, id. Fin. 1, 3, 7 Madv.:haec aliaque,
Tac. H. 3, 51 al. —Hence, alio die, t. t. of the soothsayer, when he wished the Comitia postponed to another day, on the pretence of unfavorable omens: quid gravius quam rem susceptam dirimi, si unus augur alio die dixerit?
Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31; id. Phil. 2, 33, 83 and 84 Wernsd. Perh. there is a reference to the same thing in Plaut. Poen. 2, 52: ita res divina mihi fuit: res serias omnes extollo ex hoc die in alium diem.—With aliquis, quisquam, or ullus implied (cf. aliqui, V. B., and aliquis, II. B.):ut, etiam si aliud melius fuit, tamen legatorum reditum exspectetis,
Cic. Phil. 6, 6:utar post alio, si invenero melius,
something else, id. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; so,si in aliud tempus differetur,
Caes. B C. 1, 86:an alium exspectamus?
Vulg. Matt. 11, 3; ib. Marc. 4, 36:siti magis quam alia re accenditur,
Sall. J. 89, 5:neque sex legiones alia de causa missas in Hispaniam,
Caes. B. C. 1, 85:neque creatura alia poterit nos separare,
Vulg. Rom. 8, 39.alius:B.alius generis bestiae,
Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Varr. L. L. 9, 40, 67 dub.:alius ingenii,
Liv. 1, 56, 7 Madv. by conj.:alius ordinis,
Amm. 30, 5, 10:artificis aliusve,
Front. Controv. Agr. 2, 40, 27:alius coloris,
Non. p. 450:nomine vel ejus pro quo... aut alius qui, etc.,
Dig. 39, 2, 24, § 6; v. aliusmodi.—In comparisons, with atque, ac, or et, more rarely with nisi and quam; with the latter, in good class. authors, only when preceded by a neg. clause, or by an interrog. implying a neg.; cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; instead of quam, the comp. abl. or praeter, and similar words, sometimes appear, other than, different from, etc.(α).With atque, ac, or et:(β).illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35:alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?
Ter. And. 3, 3, 13:potest non solum aliud mihi ac tibi, sed mihi ipsi aliud alias videri,
Cic. Or. 71, 237:longe alia nobis ac tu scripseras nuntiantur,
id. Att. 11, 10:res alio modo est ac putatur,
id. Inv. 2, 6, 21 B. and K.:qui longe alia ratione ac reliqui Galli bellum gerere coeperunt,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:non alius essem atque nunc sum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9:longe aliam esse navigationem in concluso mari atque in vastissimo atque apertissimo Oceano perspiciebant,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9: aliud (se) esse facturum ac pronunciasset, Nep. Ages. 3, 4:alia atque antea sentiret,
id. Hann. 2, 2:lux longe alia est solis et lychnorum,
is very different, Cic. Cael. 28.—With nisi or quam (the latter is suspicious in Cic.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 252; Orell. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75):(γ).amare autem nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,
nothing else than, only, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:neque ulla fuit causa intermissionis epistularum nisi quod, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 13:erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,
id. de Or. 2, 12:Quid est aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta, ut, etc.?
id. Phil. 8, 3:nihil aliud agerem, nisi eum, qui accusatus esset, defenderem,
id. Sull. 12; id. Att. 5, 10:quid est aliud Gigantum modo bellare cum dis nisi naturae repugnare?
id. Sen. 2, 5; id. Sex. Rosc. 19, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 13; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:pinaster nihil aliud est quam pinus silvestris,
Plin. 16, 10; Nep. Arist. 2, 2; id. Paus. 1, 4:Lysander nihil aliud molitus est quam ut omnes civitates in sua teneret potestate,
id. Lys. 1, 4:neque aliud huic defuit quam generosa stirps,
id. Eum. 1, 2:Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine quam quod Illi marmoreum caput est, etc.,
Juv. 8, 54.—Hence, nihil aliud nisi or quam, = ouden allo ê, followed by finite verb, nothing else than, nothing but, only (after these words, fecit, factum est may be supplied, or the phraseology changed to nulla alia re facta; cf. Matth. Gr. 903; Hoogev. ad Vig. p. 475;Kuhn. Gr. Gr. II. p. 825): tribunatus P. Sestii nihil aliud nisi meum nomen causamque sustinuit,
Cic. Sest. 6, 13:ut nihil aliud nisi de hoste ac de laude cogitet,
id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; Liv. 2, 8:et hostes quidem nihil aliud (i. e. nulla alia re facta) quam perfusis vano timore Romanis citato agmine abeunt,
id. 2, 63; 31, 24:sed ab lictore nihil aliud quam prehendere prohibito, cum conversus in Patres impetus esset,
id. 2, 29:ut domo abditus nihil aliud quam per edicta obnuntiaret,
Suet. Caes. 20:mox nihil aliud quam vectabatur et deambulabat,
id. Aug. 83.—So, quid aliud quam? what other thing than? what else than? quibus quid aliud quam admonemus cives nos eorum esse, Liv. 4, 3:quid aliud quam ad bellum vocabantur?
Flor. 3, 23 med.; so,Quid Tullius? Anne aliud quam sidus?
Juv. 7, 199.—In affirmative-clauses rare, and only post-Aug.:te alia omnia, quam quae velis, agere, moleste ferrem,
Plin. Ep. 7, 15, 2:quod alium quam se cooptassent,
Suet. Ner. 2 al. —So, with the simple interrogative, quis alius? quid aliud? Qui, malum, alii? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:Quid te aliud sollicitat?
id. ib. 1, 2, 82:Quid aliud tibi vis?
id. Heaut. 2, 3, 90:Numquid vis aliud?
id. Eun. 1, 2, 111:Sed quis nunc alius audet praeferre? etc.,
Juv. 12, 48:Quid enim est aliud Antonius?
Cic. Phil. 2, 70:Quid est aliud furere?
id. Pis. 47:Quid est alia sinistra liberalitas?
Cat. 29, 15 al. —With comp. abl. (cf. in Gr. alla tôn dikaiôn, Xen. Mem. 4, 4, 25):(δ).qui quaerit alia his, malum videtur quaerere,
other than, Plaut. Poen. prol. 22:quod est aliud melle,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16: nec quidquam aliud libertate communi quaesisse, nothing else but, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2:neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 20:alius Lysippo,
id. ib. 2, 1, 240:accusator alius Sejano,
Phaedr. 3, prol. 41.—With praeter:(ε).nec nobis praeter me alius quisquam est servos Sosia,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 249:nec quidquam aliud est philosophia praeter studium sapientiae,
Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5:non est alius praeter eum,
Vulg. Marc. 12, 32:rogavit numquid aliud ferret praeter arcam?
Cic. de Or. 2, 69:Num quid igitur aliud in illis judiciis versatum est praeter hasce insidias?
id. Clu. 62:nec jam tela alia habebant praeter gladios,
Liv. 38, 21, 5.—With extra (eccl. Lat.):(ζ).neque est alius extra te,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 2. 2; ib. Soph. 2, 15.—With absque (eccl. Lat.):(η).non est alius Deus absque te,
Vulg. 1 Par. 17, 20.—With praeterquam:II.cum aliud, praeterquam de quo retulissent, decemviri dicere prohiberent,
Liv. 3, 40.Esp.A.In distributive-clauses repeated even several times, and also interchanged with non nulli, quidam, ceteri, pars, partim, etc., the one... the other; plur., some... others:B.quid potes dicere cur alia defendas, alia non cures?
Cic. Phil. 2, 111:latera tegentes alios, alios praegredientes amicos,
id. ib. 13, 4: cum alii fossas complerent, alii defensores vallo depellerent, Caes. B. G. 3, 25; id. B. C. 1, 55:alii experimentorum notitiam necessariam esse contendunt, alii non satis potentem usum esse proponunt, Cels. prooem.: quae minus tuta erant, alia fossis, alia vallis, alia turribus muniebat,
Liv. 32, 5; so Vulg. Matt. 13, 5 sqq.; ib. 1 Cor. 12, 10; Cels. 3, 3, enumerating the different kinds of fever, repeats aliae seventeen times:cum aliis Q. Frater legatus, aliis C. Pomptinus legatus, reliquis M. Anneius legatus etc.,
Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:proferebant alii purpuram, tus alii, gemmas alii, vina non nulli Graeca,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146: alias bestias nantes, alias volucres, serpentes quasdam, quasdam esse gradientes; earum ipsarum partim solivagas, partim congregatas;immanes alias, quasdam autem cicures, non nullas abditas,
id. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:principes partim interfecerant, alios in exsilium ejecerant,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 4:nos alii ibimus Afros, pars Scythiam veniemus,
Verg. E. 1, 65:alii superstantes proeliarentur, pars occulti muros subruerent,
Tac. H. 4, 23.—Sometimes alius is omitted in one clause:Helvetii ea spe dejecti navibus junctis, alii vadis Rhodani, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8:Veientes ignari in partem praedae suae vocatos deos, alios votis ex urbe sua evocatos, etc.,
Liv. 5, 21; Plin. 2, 43, 44, § 114:castra metari placuit, ut opus et alii proelium inciperent,
Tac. A. 1, 63.—Also with aliquis:alia sunt tamquam sibi nata, ut oculi, ut aures: aliqua etiam ceterorum membrorum usum adjuvant,
Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63: [putat aliquis esse voluptatem bonum;alius autem pecuniam],
id. Tusc. 5, 28, 60 B. and K.; cf. Goer. ad Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 20.—Sometimes aliud... aliud designate merely a distinction between two objects contrasted, one thing... another:Numquam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit,
Juv. 14, 321:Fuit tempus, quo alia adversa, alia secunda principi,
Plin. Pan. 72:aliud est male dicere, aliud accusare,
Cic. Cael. 3; id. Lig. 16; Quint. 10, 1, 53:aliud est servum esse, aliud servire,
id. 5, 10, 60 al.:jam sciunt longe aliud esse virgines rapere, aliud pugnare cum viris,
Liv. 1, 12; cf. infra, e.—Alius repeated in another case, or with its derivatives, aliter, alias, alio, alibi, aliunde, etc. (but never with its derivatives in Tac.), in imitation of the Greek (cf. L. and S. s. v. allos, and Ochsn. Eclog. 110): simul alis alid aliunde rumitant inter se, Naev. ap. Fest. pp. 135 and 225; cf.C.Bothe, Fragm. Comic. p. 25: alius alium percontamur, cuja est navis?
one another, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 46:fallacia alia aliam trudit,
Ter. And. 4, 4, 40:fecerunt alii quidem alia quam multa,
Cic. Phil. 3, 20, 6:signa et ornamenta alia alio in loco intuebantur,
some in one place and some in another, id. Verr. 2. 1, 22:alius in alia est re magis utilis,
id. Sex. Rosc. 111:alius ex alia parte,
id. Verr. 1, 66:dies alios alio dedit ordine Luna felicis operum,
Verg. G. 1, 276:ut ipsi inter se alii aliis prodesse possent,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 1, 12, 33:ideo multa conjecta sunt, aliud alio tempore,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7:habes Sardos venales, alium alio nequiorem,
one worse than another, id. Fam. 7, 24: quo facto cum alius alii subsidium ferrent, one to another, Fr., l'un al'autre,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26 Herz.:legiones aliae alia in parte resistunt,
id. ib. 2, 22:alius alia causa illata,
id. ib. 1, 39:cum ceteros alii alium alia de causa improbarent,
Suet. Vesp. 6:alius alii subsidium ferunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26:alius alio more viventes,
each in a different way, Sall. C. 6, 2:alius alii tanti facinoris conscii,
id. ib. 22, 2; so id. ib. 52, 28; id. J. 53, 8; Curt. 10, 5, 16; Just. 15, 2:alii autem aliud clamabant,
Vulg. Act. 19, 32:illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus sentiunt,
now this, now that, Cic. de Or. 2, 7 fin.:aliter ab aliis digeruntur,
id. ib. 2, 19; Vulg. 3 Reg. 22, 20:equites alii alia dilapsi sunt,
some in this way, some in that, Liv. 44, 43:cum alii alio mitterentur,
id. 7, 39: Alis alibi stantes, omnes tamen adversis volneribus conciderunt, Sall. ap. Charis. 2, p. 133:jussit alios alibi fodere,
Liv. 44, 33; Vulg. Sap. 18, 18.—Alius ex alio, super alium, post alium, one after another; so often of the connection between ideas:D.ut aliud ex alio incidit, occurrit, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:aliud ex alio succurrit mihi,
Cic. Fragm. C. 12:alid ex alio reficit natura,
Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 1305; 5, 1456: sed, [p. 91] ut aliud ex alio, mihi non est dubium, quin, etc., Cic. Att. 16, 14, Plin. Pan. 18, 1:ex alio in aliud vicissitudo atque mutatio,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:alias ex aliis nectendo moras,
Liv. 7, 39:aliam ex alia prolem,
Verg. G. 3, 65; id. Cir. 364:nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur,
id. A. 3, 494:quae impie per biennium alia super alia es ausus,
Liv. 3, 56; 23, 36:aliud super aliud scelus,
id. 30, 26; Plin. Ep. 7, 8; Suet. Ner. 49:deinde ab eo magistratu alium post alium sibi peperit,
Sall. J. 63, 5.—Alius atque alius or alius aliusque, the one and the other; now this, now that; different:E.eadem res saepe aut probatur aut reicitur, alio atque alio elata verbo,
Cic. Or. 22, 72:alio atque alio loco requiescere,
in different places, Sall. J. 72, 2:inchoata res aliis atque aliis de causis dilata erat,
Liv. 8, 23:aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2:cum alia atque alia appetendo loca munirent,
Liv. 1, 8:milites trans flumen aliis atque aliis locis traiciebant,
id. 2, 2:luna alio atque alio loco exoritur,
Plin. 2, 10:febres aliae aliaeque subinde oriuntur,
Cels. 3, 3:cancer aliis aliisque signis discernitur,
id. 5, 26:aliis atque aliis causis,
Suet. Aug. 97.—In Sall. also alius deinde alius or alius post alius:saepe tentantes agros alia deinde alia loca petiverant, J. 18, 7: alias deinde alias morae causas facere,
id. ib. 36, 2:aliis post aliis minitari,
id. ib. 55, 8.—Of another kind or nature, i. e. different; hence, alium facere, to make different, to change, transform; and alium fleri, to become different, to be wholly changed:F.nunc haec dies aliam vitam affert, alios mores postulat,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 18 (aliam vitam pro diversam, contrariam, Don.):alium nunc censes esse me atque olim cum dabam,
id. ib. 3, 3, 13:Huic aliud mercedis erit,
Verg. E. 6, 26:longe alia mihi mens est,
Sall. C. 52, 2:Vos aliam potatis aquam,
Juv. 5, 52:lectus non alius cuiquam,
id. 8, 178:ensesque recondit mors alia,
Stat. Th. 7, 806:ostensus est in alia effigie,
Vulg. Marc. 16, 12; ib. Rom. 7, 23; ib. Gal. 1, 6; ib. Jac. 2, 25:alium fecisti me, alius ad te veneram,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 123: alius nunc fieri volo, id. Poen. prol. fin.:homines alii facti sunt,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12:mutaberis in virum alium,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 10, 6; cf. supra, II. A. fin. —Hence, in alia omnia ire, transire, or discedere, sc. vota, to differ from the thing proposed; and in gen., to reject or oppose it, to go over to the opposite side: qui hoc censetis, illuc transite;qui alia omnia, in hanc partem: his verbis praeit ominis videlicet causa, ne dicat: qui non censetis,
Fest. p. 221; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 19:frequens eum senatus reliquit et in alia omnia discessit,
Cic. Fam. 10, 12:de tribus legatis frequentes ierunt in alia omnia,
id. ib. 1, 2 Manut.: cum prima M. Marcelli sententia pronunciata esset, frequens senatus in alia omnia iit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:discessionem faciente Marcello, senatus frequens in alia omnia transiit,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53: aliud or alias res agere, v. ago, II. 7.—Of that which remains of a whole, = reliquus, ceteri, the rest, the remainder:G.Divitiaco ex aliis Gallis maximam fidem habebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 41:inter primos atrox proelium fuit, alia multitudo terga vertit,
Liv. 7, 26:vulgus aliud trucidatum,
id. 7, 19; 2, 23; so id. 24, 1:legiones in testudinem glomerabantur et alii tela incutiebant,
Tac. H. 3, 31; id. A. 1, 30; 3, 42:cum alios incessus hostis clausisset, unum reliquum aestas impediret,
id. ib. 6, 33 al.—Like alter, one of two, the other of two:H.huic fuerunt filii nati duo, alium servus surpuit, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 8; cf. id. ib. arg. 2 and 9: eis genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere;magnitudo animi par, item gloria, sed alia alii,
Sall. C. 54, 1 Kritz:duo Romani super alium alius corruerunt,
one upon the other, Liv. 1, 25, 5:ita duo deinceps reges, alius alia via, civitatem auxerunt,
each in a different way, id. 1, 21, 6; 24, 27:marique alio Nicopolim ingressus,
Tac. A. 5, 10 ( Ionio, Halm); so,alias partes fovere,
the other side, id. H. 1, 8.—Also in the enumeration of the parts of any thing:Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam Celtae,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1 Herz.:classium item duo genera sunt: unum liburnarum, aliud lusoriarum,
Veg. 2, 1 (cf. in Gr. meinantes de tautên tên hêmeran, têi allêi eporeuonto, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 1; and so the Vulg.: Alia die profecti, the next day, Act. 21, 8).—Hence, alius with a proper name used as an appell. (cf. alter):ne quis alius Ariovistus regno Galliarum potiretur,
a second Ariovistus, Tac. H. 4, 73 fin.:alius Nero,
Suet. Tit. 7.—A peculiar enhancement of the idea is produced by alius with a neg. and the comp.:A.mulier, qua mulier alia nulla est pulchrior,
than whom no other woman is more beautiful, to whom no other woman is equal in beauty, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 100:facinus, quo non fortius ausit alis,
Cat. 66, 28:Fama malum qua non aliud velocius ullum,
Verg. A. 4, 174:quo neque melius neque amplius aliud in natura mortalium est,
Sall. J. 2, 4:quo non aliud atrocius visum,
Tac. A. 6, 24:(Sulla) neque consilio neque manu priorem alium pati,
Sall. J. 96, 3:neque majus aliud neque praestabilius invenias,
id. ib. 1, 2; Liv. 1, 24:non alia ante Romana pugna atrocior fuit,
id. 1, 27; 2, 31; Tac. A. 6, 7 al.; cf. under aliter, 2. b. z.—Hence the advv.ălĭō, adv. (an old dat. form, designating direction to a place; cf.: eo, quo), elsewhither (arch.), elsewhere, to another place, person, or thing, allose (class., esp. among poets; but not found in Lucr. or Juv.).1.In gen.a.Of place:b.fortasse tu profectus alio fueras,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 49:ut ab Norba alio traducerentur,
Liv. 32, 2:translatos alio maerebis amores,
Hor. Epod. 15, 23:decurrens alio,
id. S. 2, 1, 32:nam frustra vitium vitaveris illud, Si te alio pravum detorseris,
id. ib. 2, 2, 55.—With quo:Arpinumne mihi eundum sit, an quo alio,
to some other place, Cic. Att. 9, 17:si quando Romam aliove quo mitterent legatos,
Liv. 38, 30. —Of persons or things (cf. alias, alibi, alicunde, etc.):c.illi suum animum alio conferunt,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 10 (cf. Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62:ne ad illam me animum adjecisse sentiat): ne quando iratus tu alio conferas,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 60 Don.:hi narrata ferunt alio,
Ov. M. 12, 57: tamen vocat me alio ( to another subject) jam dudum tacita vestra exspectatio, Cic. Clu. 23, 63; id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139:sed, si placet, sermonem alio transferamus,
id. de Or. 1, 29, 133:quoniam alio properare tempus monet,
Sall. J. 19, 2; so Tac. A. 1, 18 al.—Of purpose or design:2.appellet haec desideria naturae: cupiditatis nomen servet alio,
for another purpose, Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27:hoc longe alio spectabat,
looked quite elsewhere, had a far different design, Nep. Them. 6, 3.—a.. Alio... alio, in one way... in another; hither... thither, = huc... illuc:b.hic (i. e. in ea re) alio res familiaris, alio ducit humanitas,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89: alio atque alio, in one way and another:nihil alio atque alio spargitur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 2.—Alius alio, each in a different way, one in one way, another in another:c.et ceteri quidem alius alio,
Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:aliud alio dissipavit,
id. Div. 1, 34, 76; so Liv. 2, 54, 9; 7, 39.—So, aliunde alio, from one place to another:quassatione terrae aliunde alio (aquae) transferuntur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 11, 1; cf. aliunde.—Like alius or aliter with a negative and the particles of comparison quam or atque;B.in questions with nisi: plebem nusquam alio natam quam ad serviendum,
for nothing but, Liv. 7, 18, 7: non alio datam summam quam in emptionem, etc., * Suet. Aug. 98 Ruhnk.:quo alio nisi ad nos confugerent?
Liv. 39, 36, 11; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 232-234.—ălĭā, adv. (sc. via), in another way, in a different manner (in the whole ante-class. and class. per. dub.); for in Plaut. Rud. prol. 10, aliuta has been proposed; in Lucr. 6, 986, Lachm. reads alio; in Liv. 21, 56, 2, Weissenb. alibi; and in id. 44, 43, 2, via may be supplied from the preced. context; certain only in Don. ad Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 5; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 219.—C.ălĭās, adv. (acc. to Prisc. 1014 P., and Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 769, an acc. form like foras; but acc. to Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 5, 57, and Hab. Syn. 79, old gen. like paterfamili as, Alcmen as, etc. In the ante-class. per. rare; only once in Plaut., twice in Ter., twice in Varro; in the class. per. most freq. in Cic., but only three times in his orations; also in Plin.).1.Of time, at a time other than the present, whether it be in the past or (more freq.) in the future.a.At another time, at other times, on another occasion (alias: temporis adverbium, quod Graeci allote, aliter allôs, Capitol. Orth. 2242 P.; cf.b.Herz. and Hab., as cited above): alias ut uti possim causa hac integra,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 4; so id. And. 3, 2, 49 (alias = alio tempore, Don.):sed alias jocabimur,
Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:sed plura scribemus alias,
id. ib. 7, 6:et alias et in consulatus petitione vinci,
id. Planc. 18:nil oriturum alias,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 17.—In the future, freq. in contrast with nunc, in praesentia, tum, hactenus:recte secusne, alias viderimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 135:Hactenus haec: alias justum sit necne poema, Nunc, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 63: sed haec alias pluribus;nunc, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 2 fin.; Liv. 44, 36 fin.: quare placeat, alias ostendemus; in praesentia, etc., Auct. ad Her. 3, 16, 28.—In the past:gubernatores alias imperare soliti, tum metu mortis jussa exsequebantur,
Curt. 4, 3, 18:alias bellare inter se solitos, tunc periculi societas junxerat,
id. 9, 4, 15.—Freq. with advv. of time;as numquam, umquam, and the like: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, aut etiam si numquam alias fuimus, tum profecto, etc.,
Cic. Att. 4, 2, 2:consilio numquam alias dato,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 45:numquam ante alias,
Liv. 2, 22, 7:non umquam alias ante tantus terror senatum invasit,
id. 2, 9, 5; 1, 28, 4:si quando umquam ante alias,
id. 32, 5 (where the four advv. of time are to be taken together):Saturnalibus et si quando alias libuisset, modo munera dividebat,
Suet. Aug. 75.—Alias... alias, as in Gr. allote... allote; allote men... allote de, at one time... at another; once... another time; sometimes... sometimes; now... now:c.Alias me poscit pro illa triginta minas, Alias talentum magnum,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 63; so Varr. L. L. 8, § 76 Mull.; id. R. R. 2, 1, 15; Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 120:nec potest quisquam alias beatus esse, alias miser,
id. Fin. 2, 27, 87:contentius alias, alias summissius,
id. de Or. 3, 55, 212:cum alias bellum inferrent, alias inlatum defenderent,
Caes. B. G. 2, 29; so id. ib. 5, 57 al.; it occurs four times in successive clauses in Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 99.—Sometimes plerumque, saepe, aliquando, interdum stand in corresponding clauses:nec umquam sine usura reddit (terra), quod accepit, sed alias minore, plerumque majore cum foenore,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:geminatio verborum habet interdum vim, leporem alias,
id. de Or. 3, 54, 206:hoc alias fastidio, alias contumacia, saepius imbecillitate, evenit,
Plin. 16, 32, 58, § 134; 7, 15, 13, § 63.—Sometimes one alias is omitted:illi eruptione tentata alias cuniculis ad aggerem actis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 3, 21; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13.—Alias aliter, alias alius, etc. (cf. alius), at one time in one way... at another in another; now so... now otherwise; now this... now that:d.et alias aliter haec in utramque partem causae solent convenire,
Cic. Inv. 2, 13, 45:alii enim sunt, alias nostrique familiares fere demortui,
id. Att. 16, 11 (Madv. interprets this of time):illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus judicant,
id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Or. 59, 200:(deos) non semper eosdem atque alias alios solemus venerari,
id. Red. in Sen. 30:ut iidem versus alias in aliam rem posse accommodari viderentur,
id. Div. 2, 54, 111.—Saepe alias or alias saepe... nunc, nuper, quondam, etc.;e.also: cum saepe alias... tum, etc. (very common in Cic.): quod cum saepe alias tum nuper, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 7:fecimus et alias saepe et nuper in Tusculano,
id. ib. 5, 4, 11:quibus de rebus et alias saepe... et quondam in Hortensii villa,
id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:quorum pater et saepe alias et maxime censor saluti rei publicae fuit,
id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:cum saepe alias, tum apud centumviros,
id. Brut. 39, 144:cum saepe alias, tum Pyrrhi bello,
id. Off. 3, 22, 86; 3, 11, 47:neque tum solum, sed saepe alias,
Nep. Hann. 11, 7.—In comparative sentences rare:nunc tamen libentius quam saepe alias,
Symm. Ep. 1, 90.—So,Semper alias, always at other times or in other cases (apparently only post-Aug.): et super cenam autem et semper alias communissimus, multa joco transigebat. Suet. Vesp. 22; id. Tib. 18; Gell. 15, 1.—f.Raro alias, rarely at other times, on other occasions:g.ut raro alias quisquam tanto favore est auditus,
Liv. 45, 20; 3, 69; Tac. H. 1, 89.—Non alias, at no other time, never, = numquam (a choice poet. expression, often imitated by [p. 92] the histt.):2.non alias caelo ceciderunt plura sereno Fulgura,
never at any other time did so much lightning fall from a clear sky, Verg. G. 1, 487:non alias militi familiarior dux fuit,
Liv. 7, 33; 45, 7:non alias majore mole concursum,
Tac. A. 2, 46; 4. 69;11, 31: non sane alias exercitatior Britannia fuit,
id. Agr. 5:haud alias intentior populus plus vocis permisit,
id. A. 3, 11, and 15, 46; Suet. Tit. 8; Flor. 3, 6.—Of place, at another place, elsewhere; or in respect of other things, in other circumstances, otherwise (only post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7):3.Idaeus rubus appellatus est, quoniam in Ida, non alias, nascitur,
Plin. 24, 14, 75, § 123 (Jan, alius): nusquam alias tam torrens fretum, * Just. 4, 1, 9:sicut vir alias doctissimus Cornutus existimat,
Macr. S. 5, 19.—Alias for alioqui (only post-Aug.), to indicate that something is in a different condition in one instance, not in others, except that, for the rest, otherwise:4.in Silaro non virgulta modo immersa, verum et folia lapidescunt, alias salubri potu ejus aquae,
Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224; so id. 18, 6, 7, § 37; 19, 8, 48, § 163; 25, 2, 6, § 16 al.—Non alias quam, for no other reason, on no other condition, in no other circumstances than, not other than; and non alias nisi, on no other condition, not otherwise, except (prob. taken from the lang. of common life):5.non alias magis indoluisse Caesarem ferunt quam quod, etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 73:debilitatum vulnere jacuisse non alias quam simulatione mortis tutiorem,
by nothing safer than by feigning death, Curt. 8, 1, 24; 8, 14, 16; Dig. 29, 7, 6, § 2: non alias ( on no other condition) existet heres ex substitutione nisi, etc., ib. 28, 6, 8; 23, 3, 37, 23, 3, 29.—Alias like aliter, in another manner; flrst in the Lat. of the jurists (cf. Suet. Tib. 71 Oud.; Liv. 21, 56, 2 Drak.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 49 Ruhnk.), Dig. 33, 8, 8, § 8; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 219-227. —D. 1.With comparative-clause expressed; constr. both affirm. and neg. without distinction.a.With atque, ac, quam, and rarely ut, otherwise than, different from what, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23:b.sed aliter atque ostenderam facio,
Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 6:aliter ac nos vellemus,
Cic. Mil. 9, 23:de quo tu aliter sentias atque ego,
id. Fin. 4, 22, 60; id. Att. 6, 3:si aliter nos faciant quam aequum est,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 42:si aliter quippiam coacti faciant quam libere,
Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29; id. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 24; id. Inv. 2, 22, 66:Sed si aliter ut dixi accidisset, qui possem queri?
id. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—Non (or haud) aliter, not otherwise (per litoten), = just as; with quam si, ac si, quam cum, quam, exactly, just as if:* c.Non aliter quam si ruat omnis Karthago,
Verg. A. 4, 669:dividor haud aliter quam si mea membra relinquam,
Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 73:nihil in senatu actum aliter quam si, etc.,
Liv. 23, 4; 21, 63, 9:illi negabant se aliter ituros quam si, etc.,
id. 3, 51, 12:nec aliter quam si mihi tradatur, etc., Quint. prooem. 5: ut non aliter ratio constet quam si uni reddatur,
Tac. A. 1, 6; 1, 49:Non aliter quam si fecisset Juno maritum Insanum,
Juv. 6, 619; Suet. Aug. 40:non aliter quam cum, etc.,
Ov. F. 2, 209; so id. M. 2, 623; 4, 348; 6, 516 al.:nec scripsi aliter ac si, etc.,
Cic. Att. 13, 51; Suet. Oth. 6; Col. 2, 14 (15), 8:Non aliter quam qui lembum subigit,
Verg. G. 1, 201:non aliter praeformidat quam qui ferrum medici, priusquam curetur, aspexit,
Quint. 4, 5, 5; so id. 4, 5, 22; 2, 5, 11:neque aliter quam ii, qui traduntur, etc.,
id. 5, 8, 1:patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter quam Institor hibernae tegetis,
Juv. 7, 220:successorem non aliter quam indicium mortis accepturum,
Tac. A. 6, 30.—Aliter ab aliquo (analog. to alius with the abl., and alienus with ab), differently from any one:d.cultores regionum multo aliter a ceteris agunt,
Mel. 1, 9, 6.—Non ali ter nisi, by no other means, on no other condition, not otherwise, except:e.qui aliter obsistere fato fatetur se non potuisse, nisi etc.,
Cic. Fat. 20, 48; id. Fam. 1, 9: non pati C. Caesarem consulem aliter fieri, nisi exercitum et provincias tradiderit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14; so Lentulus ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 18; Liv. 35, 39; 45, 11; 38; Tac. Or. 32; Just. 12, 14, 7; Suet. Ner. 36; Dig. 37, 9, 6; 48, 18, 9. —Non aliter quam ut, on no other condition than that:2.neque aliter poterit palos, ad quos perducitur, pertingere, quam ut diffluat,
Col. Arb. 7, 5; so Suet. Tib. 15; 24; id. Galb. 8; Curt. 9, 5, 23.—Without a comparative clause expressed.a.In gen., otherwise, in another manner, in other respects; and in the poets: haud aliter (per litoten), just so:b.vale atque salve, etsi aliter ut dicam meres,
though you deserve that I speak differently, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 86 Brix:tu si aliter existimes, nihil errabis,
Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 16:ut eadem ab utrisque dicantur, aliter dicuntur,
in a different sense, Plin. Pan. 72, 7:Si quis aliter docet,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 6, 3:quae aliter se habent,
ib. ib. 5, 25:Quippe aliter tunc vivebant homines,
Juv. 6, 11: quod uterque nostrum his etiam ex studiis notus, quibus aliter ignotus est, otherwise, i. e. personally, unknown, Plin. Ep. 9, 23, 3.—With negatives:non fuit faciendum aliter,
Cic. Att. 6, 9; Tac. A. 15, 68:Ergo non aliter poterit dormire?
Juv. 3, 281:aliter haud facile eos ad tantum negotium impelli posse,
Sall. C. 44, 1; Curt. 8, 10, 27:haud aliter Rutulo muros et castra tuenti Ignescunt irae (the comparison of the wolf precedes),
Verg. A. 9, 65:haud aliter (i. e. like a wild beast) juvenis medios moriturus in hostes Irruit,
id. ib. 9, 554 al.; Ov. M. 8, 473; 9, 642:non aliter (i. e. than I) Samio dicunt arsisse Bathyllo Anacreonta Teium,
Hor. Epod. 14, 10:neque Mordaces aliter (i. e. than by means of wine) diffugiunt sollicitudines,
id. C. 1, 18, 4:neque exercitum Romanum aliter transmissurum,
Tac. H. 5, 19:nec aliter expiari potest,
Vulg. Num. 35, 33. —So, fieri aliter non potest or fieri non potest aliter (not fieri non aliter potest): nihil agis;Fieri aliter non potest,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 13: assentior;fieri non potuit aliter,
Cic. Att. 6, 6.—Esp.(α).Pregn., otherwise, in the contrary manner: Pe. Servos Epidicus dixit mihi. Ph. Quid si servo aliter visum est? i. e. if he does not speak the truth? Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 29:(β).verum aliter evenire multo intellegit,
Ter. And. prol. 4 (aliter autem contra significat, Don.):amplis cornibus et nigris potius quam aliter,
Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 1: ne aliter quid eveniat, providere de cet, otherwise than harmoniously, Sall. J. 10, 7:dis aliter visum,
Verg. A. 2, 428:sin aliter tibi videtur,
Vulg. Num. 11, 15: adversi... saevaque circuitu curvantem bracchia longo Scorpion atque aliter ( in the opposite direction) curvantem bracchia Cancrum, Ov. M. 2, 83: aliterque ( and in the opposite course) secante jam pelagus rostro, Luc. 8, 197.—Hence, qui aliter fecerit, who will not do that:neu quis de his postea ad senatum referat, neve cum populo agat: qui aliter fecerit, etc.,
Sall. C. 51, 43; Just. 6, 6, 1; cf. Brisson. de Form. p. 200, and de Verb. Signif. p. 66.—Aliter esse, to be of a different nature, differently constituted or disposed:(γ).sed longe aliter est amicus atque amator,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 70: ego hunc esse aliter credidi: iste me fefellit;ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 44; id. Ad. 3, 4, 46; Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137.—For alioqui (q. v. II. C.), otherwise, else, in any other case:(δ).jus enim semper est quaesitum aequabile: neque enim aliter esset jus (and just after: nam aliter justitia non esset),
Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42; 1, 39, 139; id. Lael. 20, 74:si suos legatos recipere vellent, quos Athenas miserant, se remitterent, aliter illos numquam in patriam essent recepturi,
Nep. Them. 7 fin.:aliter sine populi jussu nulli earum rerum consuli jus est,
Sall. C. 29, 3 Kritz:aliter non viribus ullis Vincere poteris,
Verg. A. 6, 147:veniam ostentantes, si praesentia sequerentur: aliter nihil spei,
Tac. H. 4, 59:quoniam aliter non possem,
Vulg. Sap. 8, 21.—Like alius (q. v. II. A.) repeated even several times in a distributive manner, in one way... in another: sed aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; so id. ib. 1, 12, 38; id. Lael. 24, 89; id. Fam. 15, 21, 6:(ε).aliter utimur propriis, aliter commodatis,
Tac. Or. 32:Aliter catuli longe olent, aliter sues,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 9:aliter Diodoro, aliter Philoni, Chrysippo aliter placet,
id. Ac. 2, 47, 143:idem illud aliter Caesar, aliter Cicero, aliter Cato suadere debebit,
Quint. 3, 8, 49: Et aliter acutis morbis medendum, aliter vetustis; aliter increscentibus, aliter subsistentibus, aliter jam ad sanitatem inclinatis, Cels. prooem. p. 10.—With alius or its derivatives, one in one way, another in another (v. alius, II. B.):(ζ).quoniam aliter ab aliis digeruntur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; id. Att. 7, 8; Liv. 2, 21; so id. 39, 53:hoc ex locorum occasione aliter alibi decernitur,
Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 30; so id. 25, 4, 10, § 29.—Non aliter, analog. to non alius (v. alius, II. H.) with a comp. (only in Plin.):non aliter utilius id fieri putare quam, etc.,
Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 28:idque non aliter clarius intellegi potest,
id. 37, 4, 15, § 59; so id. 22, 22, 36, § 78; 24, 11, 50, § 85; 28, 9, 41, § 148; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 267-276. -
10 alius
1.Ālĭus (better Ālĕus), a, um, adj., = Elius (v. Alis and Elis), Elian; subst., a native of Elis, a town in Achaia (only a few times in Plaut. Capt.):2.postquam belligerant Aetoli cum Aleis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 24; 27; 2, 2, 30.ălĭus, a, ud, adj. and subst. (old form, alis, alid, after the analogy of quis, quid:I.alis rare,
Cat. 66, 28; Sall. ap. Charis, 2, p. 133; Inscr. Orell. 2488:alid more freq.,
Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 257; 5, 1305; 5, 1456; Cat. 29, 15; cf. Prisc. 13, p. 959.— Gen. sing. masc.: alius, rare, and not used by Tac.; for which alterius is com. used (v. alter); also alii, Cato and Licin. ap. Prisc. 194 P.; Varr. R. R. 1, 2.— Fem. gen.:aliae,
Lucr. 3, 918; Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30; Liv. 24, 27, 8; Gell. 2, 28, 1; Capito ap. Gell. 4, 10, 8.— Masc. dat.:ali,
Lucr. 6, 1226:alio,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 13. — Fem. dat.:aliae,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 207; Gell. 9, 4, 8) [cf. allos; Osc. allo ( nom. sing. fem.); Goth. alis; Erse, aile; O. H. Germ. alles, elles ( conj.); Engl. else], another, [p. 90] other (i. e. of many, whereas alter is one of two, v. exceptt. under II. G.); freq. with the indef. pronn. aliquis, quis, aliqui, qui, quidam, and the interrog. quis, qui, etc.A.. In gen.:► Instances of the rare gen.eorum sectam sequuntur multi mortales... multi alii ex Troja strenui viri,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 1, 16:alios multos,
Vulg. Matt. 15, 30; ib. Marc. 7, 4:plures alios,
ib. ib. 12, 5:cum aliis pluribus,
ib. Act. 15, 35:an ita dissolvit, ut omnes alii dissolverunt?
Cic. Font. 1; Tac. H. 5, 5:dum aliud aliquid flagiti conficiat,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 5:nec nobis praeter med alius quisquam est servos Sosia,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 244:nec quisquam alius affuit,
id. ib. 1, 1, 269:panem vel aliud quidquam,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 3, 35. utrum hanc actionem habebis an aliam quampiam; Cic. Caecin. 37:quidquid aliud dare,
Vulg. Lev. 22, 25:ALIS NE POTESTO,
Inscr. Orell. 2488:datum Mi esse ab dis aliis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 12:adulescentulo in alio occupato amore,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:aut aliae cujus desiderium insideat rei,
Lucr. 3, 918:ne quam aliam quaerat copiam,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 54:nisi quid pater ait aliud,
id. And. 5, 4, 47:si verum est, Q. Fabium Labeonem seu quem alium arbitrum a senatu datum, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 33:quodcumque alid auget,
Lucr. 5, 257:Est alius quidam, parasitaster paululus,
Ter. Ad. 5. 2, 4; so Vulg. Luc. 22, 59:tuo (judicio) stabis, si aliud quoddam est tuum,
Cic. Or. 71, 237:L. Aemilius alius vir erat,
Liv. 44, 18:Genus ecce aliud discriminis audi,
Juv. 12, 24:alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit,
Cic. Verr. 5, 117; Tac. Agr. 39:nemo alius,
Cic. Pis. 94; Vulg. Joan. 15, 24:alius nemo,
Cic. Quinct. 76:plus alimenti est in pane quam in ullo alio,
Cels. 2, 18:aliud esse causae suspicamur,
Cic. Fl. 39:Anne aliud tunc praefecti?
Juv. 4, 78:estne viris reliqui aliud,
Sall. Fragm. 187, 19:aliud auxilii,
Tac. A. 5, 8:aliud subsidii,
id. ib. 12, 46:alia honorum,
id. ib. 1, 9:alia sumptuum,
id. ib. 15, 15:sunt alia quae magis timeam,
Cic. Phil. 5, 29: Facete is quidem, sicut alia, many other things, id. Fin. 1, 3, 7 Madv.:haec aliaque,
Tac. H. 3, 51 al. —Hence, alio die, t. t. of the soothsayer, when he wished the Comitia postponed to another day, on the pretence of unfavorable omens: quid gravius quam rem susceptam dirimi, si unus augur alio die dixerit?
Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31; id. Phil. 2, 33, 83 and 84 Wernsd. Perh. there is a reference to the same thing in Plaut. Poen. 2, 52: ita res divina mihi fuit: res serias omnes extollo ex hoc die in alium diem.—With aliquis, quisquam, or ullus implied (cf. aliqui, V. B., and aliquis, II. B.):ut, etiam si aliud melius fuit, tamen legatorum reditum exspectetis,
Cic. Phil. 6, 6:utar post alio, si invenero melius,
something else, id. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; so,si in aliud tempus differetur,
Caes. B C. 1, 86:an alium exspectamus?
Vulg. Matt. 11, 3; ib. Marc. 4, 36:siti magis quam alia re accenditur,
Sall. J. 89, 5:neque sex legiones alia de causa missas in Hispaniam,
Caes. B. C. 1, 85:neque creatura alia poterit nos separare,
Vulg. Rom. 8, 39.alius:B.alius generis bestiae,
Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 123; Varr. L. L. 9, 40, 67 dub.:alius ingenii,
Liv. 1, 56, 7 Madv. by conj.:alius ordinis,
Amm. 30, 5, 10:artificis aliusve,
Front. Controv. Agr. 2, 40, 27:alius coloris,
Non. p. 450:nomine vel ejus pro quo... aut alius qui, etc.,
Dig. 39, 2, 24, § 6; v. aliusmodi.—In comparisons, with atque, ac, or et, more rarely with nisi and quam; with the latter, in good class. authors, only when preceded by a neg. clause, or by an interrog. implying a neg.; cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; instead of quam, the comp. abl. or praeter, and similar words, sometimes appear, other than, different from, etc.(α).With atque, ac, or et:(β).illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35:alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?
Ter. And. 3, 3, 13:potest non solum aliud mihi ac tibi, sed mihi ipsi aliud alias videri,
Cic. Or. 71, 237:longe alia nobis ac tu scripseras nuntiantur,
id. Att. 11, 10:res alio modo est ac putatur,
id. Inv. 2, 6, 21 B. and K.:qui longe alia ratione ac reliqui Galli bellum gerere coeperunt,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:non alius essem atque nunc sum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9:longe aliam esse navigationem in concluso mari atque in vastissimo atque apertissimo Oceano perspiciebant,
Caes. B. G. 3, 9: aliud (se) esse facturum ac pronunciasset, Nep. Ages. 3, 4:alia atque antea sentiret,
id. Hann. 2, 2:lux longe alia est solis et lychnorum,
is very different, Cic. Cael. 28.—With nisi or quam (the latter is suspicious in Cic.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. 252; Orell. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75):(γ).amare autem nihil aliud est, nisi eum ipsum diligere, quem ames,
nothing else than, only, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:neque ulla fuit causa intermissionis epistularum nisi quod, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 13:erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,
id. de Or. 2, 12:Quid est aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta, ut, etc.?
id. Phil. 8, 3:nihil aliud agerem, nisi eum, qui accusatus esset, defenderem,
id. Sull. 12; id. Att. 5, 10:quid est aliud Gigantum modo bellare cum dis nisi naturae repugnare?
id. Sen. 2, 5; id. Sex. Rosc. 19, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 13; id. Leg. 1, 8, 25:pinaster nihil aliud est quam pinus silvestris,
Plin. 16, 10; Nep. Arist. 2, 2; id. Paus. 1, 4:Lysander nihil aliud molitus est quam ut omnes civitates in sua teneret potestate,
id. Lys. 1, 4:neque aliud huic defuit quam generosa stirps,
id. Eum. 1, 2:Nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine quam quod Illi marmoreum caput est, etc.,
Juv. 8, 54.—Hence, nihil aliud nisi or quam, = ouden allo ê, followed by finite verb, nothing else than, nothing but, only (after these words, fecit, factum est may be supplied, or the phraseology changed to nulla alia re facta; cf. Matth. Gr. 903; Hoogev. ad Vig. p. 475;Kuhn. Gr. Gr. II. p. 825): tribunatus P. Sestii nihil aliud nisi meum nomen causamque sustinuit,
Cic. Sest. 6, 13:ut nihil aliud nisi de hoste ac de laude cogitet,
id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; Liv. 2, 8:et hostes quidem nihil aliud (i. e. nulla alia re facta) quam perfusis vano timore Romanis citato agmine abeunt,
id. 2, 63; 31, 24:sed ab lictore nihil aliud quam prehendere prohibito, cum conversus in Patres impetus esset,
id. 2, 29:ut domo abditus nihil aliud quam per edicta obnuntiaret,
Suet. Caes. 20:mox nihil aliud quam vectabatur et deambulabat,
id. Aug. 83.—So, quid aliud quam? what other thing than? what else than? quibus quid aliud quam admonemus cives nos eorum esse, Liv. 4, 3:quid aliud quam ad bellum vocabantur?
Flor. 3, 23 med.; so,Quid Tullius? Anne aliud quam sidus?
Juv. 7, 199.—In affirmative-clauses rare, and only post-Aug.:te alia omnia, quam quae velis, agere, moleste ferrem,
Plin. Ep. 7, 15, 2:quod alium quam se cooptassent,
Suet. Ner. 2 al. —So, with the simple interrogative, quis alius? quid aliud? Qui, malum, alii? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:Quid te aliud sollicitat?
id. ib. 1, 2, 82:Quid aliud tibi vis?
id. Heaut. 2, 3, 90:Numquid vis aliud?
id. Eun. 1, 2, 111:Sed quis nunc alius audet praeferre? etc.,
Juv. 12, 48:Quid enim est aliud Antonius?
Cic. Phil. 2, 70:Quid est aliud furere?
id. Pis. 47:Quid est alia sinistra liberalitas?
Cat. 29, 15 al. —With comp. abl. (cf. in Gr. alla tôn dikaiôn, Xen. Mem. 4, 4, 25):(δ).qui quaerit alia his, malum videtur quaerere,
other than, Plaut. Poen. prol. 22:quod est aliud melle,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16: nec quidquam aliud libertate communi quaesisse, nothing else but, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2:neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 20:alius Lysippo,
id. ib. 2, 1, 240:accusator alius Sejano,
Phaedr. 3, prol. 41.—With praeter:(ε).nec nobis praeter me alius quisquam est servos Sosia,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 249:nec quidquam aliud est philosophia praeter studium sapientiae,
Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5:non est alius praeter eum,
Vulg. Marc. 12, 32:rogavit numquid aliud ferret praeter arcam?
Cic. de Or. 2, 69:Num quid igitur aliud in illis judiciis versatum est praeter hasce insidias?
id. Clu. 62:nec jam tela alia habebant praeter gladios,
Liv. 38, 21, 5.—With extra (eccl. Lat.):(ζ).neque est alius extra te,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 2. 2; ib. Soph. 2, 15.—With absque (eccl. Lat.):(η).non est alius Deus absque te,
Vulg. 1 Par. 17, 20.—With praeterquam:II.cum aliud, praeterquam de quo retulissent, decemviri dicere prohiberent,
Liv. 3, 40.Esp.A.In distributive-clauses repeated even several times, and also interchanged with non nulli, quidam, ceteri, pars, partim, etc., the one... the other; plur., some... others:B.quid potes dicere cur alia defendas, alia non cures?
Cic. Phil. 2, 111:latera tegentes alios, alios praegredientes amicos,
id. ib. 13, 4: cum alii fossas complerent, alii defensores vallo depellerent, Caes. B. G. 3, 25; id. B. C. 1, 55:alii experimentorum notitiam necessariam esse contendunt, alii non satis potentem usum esse proponunt, Cels. prooem.: quae minus tuta erant, alia fossis, alia vallis, alia turribus muniebat,
Liv. 32, 5; so Vulg. Matt. 13, 5 sqq.; ib. 1 Cor. 12, 10; Cels. 3, 3, enumerating the different kinds of fever, repeats aliae seventeen times:cum aliis Q. Frater legatus, aliis C. Pomptinus legatus, reliquis M. Anneius legatus etc.,
Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:proferebant alii purpuram, tus alii, gemmas alii, vina non nulli Graeca,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146: alias bestias nantes, alias volucres, serpentes quasdam, quasdam esse gradientes; earum ipsarum partim solivagas, partim congregatas;immanes alias, quasdam autem cicures, non nullas abditas,
id. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:principes partim interfecerant, alios in exsilium ejecerant,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 4:nos alii ibimus Afros, pars Scythiam veniemus,
Verg. E. 1, 65:alii superstantes proeliarentur, pars occulti muros subruerent,
Tac. H. 4, 23.—Sometimes alius is omitted in one clause:Helvetii ea spe dejecti navibus junctis, alii vadis Rhodani, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8:Veientes ignari in partem praedae suae vocatos deos, alios votis ex urbe sua evocatos, etc.,
Liv. 5, 21; Plin. 2, 43, 44, § 114:castra metari placuit, ut opus et alii proelium inciperent,
Tac. A. 1, 63.—Also with aliquis:alia sunt tamquam sibi nata, ut oculi, ut aures: aliqua etiam ceterorum membrorum usum adjuvant,
Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63: [putat aliquis esse voluptatem bonum;alius autem pecuniam],
id. Tusc. 5, 28, 60 B. and K.; cf. Goer. ad Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 20.—Sometimes aliud... aliud designate merely a distinction between two objects contrasted, one thing... another:Numquam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit,
Juv. 14, 321:Fuit tempus, quo alia adversa, alia secunda principi,
Plin. Pan. 72:aliud est male dicere, aliud accusare,
Cic. Cael. 3; id. Lig. 16; Quint. 10, 1, 53:aliud est servum esse, aliud servire,
id. 5, 10, 60 al.:jam sciunt longe aliud esse virgines rapere, aliud pugnare cum viris,
Liv. 1, 12; cf. infra, e.—Alius repeated in another case, or with its derivatives, aliter, alias, alio, alibi, aliunde, etc. (but never with its derivatives in Tac.), in imitation of the Greek (cf. L. and S. s. v. allos, and Ochsn. Eclog. 110): simul alis alid aliunde rumitant inter se, Naev. ap. Fest. pp. 135 and 225; cf.C.Bothe, Fragm. Comic. p. 25: alius alium percontamur, cuja est navis?
one another, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 46:fallacia alia aliam trudit,
Ter. And. 4, 4, 40:fecerunt alii quidem alia quam multa,
Cic. Phil. 3, 20, 6:signa et ornamenta alia alio in loco intuebantur,
some in one place and some in another, id. Verr. 2. 1, 22:alius in alia est re magis utilis,
id. Sex. Rosc. 111:alius ex alia parte,
id. Verr. 1, 66:dies alios alio dedit ordine Luna felicis operum,
Verg. G. 1, 276:ut ipsi inter se alii aliis prodesse possent,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 1, 12, 33:ideo multa conjecta sunt, aliud alio tempore,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7:habes Sardos venales, alium alio nequiorem,
one worse than another, id. Fam. 7, 24: quo facto cum alius alii subsidium ferrent, one to another, Fr., l'un al'autre,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26 Herz.:legiones aliae alia in parte resistunt,
id. ib. 2, 22:alius alia causa illata,
id. ib. 1, 39:cum ceteros alii alium alia de causa improbarent,
Suet. Vesp. 6:alius alii subsidium ferunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 26:alius alio more viventes,
each in a different way, Sall. C. 6, 2:alius alii tanti facinoris conscii,
id. ib. 22, 2; so id. ib. 52, 28; id. J. 53, 8; Curt. 10, 5, 16; Just. 15, 2:alii autem aliud clamabant,
Vulg. Act. 19, 32:illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus sentiunt,
now this, now that, Cic. de Or. 2, 7 fin.:aliter ab aliis digeruntur,
id. ib. 2, 19; Vulg. 3 Reg. 22, 20:equites alii alia dilapsi sunt,
some in this way, some in that, Liv. 44, 43:cum alii alio mitterentur,
id. 7, 39: Alis alibi stantes, omnes tamen adversis volneribus conciderunt, Sall. ap. Charis. 2, p. 133:jussit alios alibi fodere,
Liv. 44, 33; Vulg. Sap. 18, 18.—Alius ex alio, super alium, post alium, one after another; so often of the connection between ideas:D.ut aliud ex alio incidit, occurrit, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:aliud ex alio succurrit mihi,
Cic. Fragm. C. 12:alid ex alio reficit natura,
Lucr. 1, 263; 5, 1305; 5, 1456: sed, [p. 91] ut aliud ex alio, mihi non est dubium, quin, etc., Cic. Att. 16, 14, Plin. Pan. 18, 1:ex alio in aliud vicissitudo atque mutatio,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69:alias ex aliis nectendo moras,
Liv. 7, 39:aliam ex alia prolem,
Verg. G. 3, 65; id. Cir. 364:nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur,
id. A. 3, 494:quae impie per biennium alia super alia es ausus,
Liv. 3, 56; 23, 36:aliud super aliud scelus,
id. 30, 26; Plin. Ep. 7, 8; Suet. Ner. 49:deinde ab eo magistratu alium post alium sibi peperit,
Sall. J. 63, 5.—Alius atque alius or alius aliusque, the one and the other; now this, now that; different:E.eadem res saepe aut probatur aut reicitur, alio atque alio elata verbo,
Cic. Or. 22, 72:alio atque alio loco requiescere,
in different places, Sall. J. 72, 2:inchoata res aliis atque aliis de causis dilata erat,
Liv. 8, 23:aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2:cum alia atque alia appetendo loca munirent,
Liv. 1, 8:milites trans flumen aliis atque aliis locis traiciebant,
id. 2, 2:luna alio atque alio loco exoritur,
Plin. 2, 10:febres aliae aliaeque subinde oriuntur,
Cels. 3, 3:cancer aliis aliisque signis discernitur,
id. 5, 26:aliis atque aliis causis,
Suet. Aug. 97.—In Sall. also alius deinde alius or alius post alius:saepe tentantes agros alia deinde alia loca petiverant, J. 18, 7: alias deinde alias morae causas facere,
id. ib. 36, 2:aliis post aliis minitari,
id. ib. 55, 8.—Of another kind or nature, i. e. different; hence, alium facere, to make different, to change, transform; and alium fleri, to become different, to be wholly changed:F.nunc haec dies aliam vitam affert, alios mores postulat,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 18 (aliam vitam pro diversam, contrariam, Don.):alium nunc censes esse me atque olim cum dabam,
id. ib. 3, 3, 13:Huic aliud mercedis erit,
Verg. E. 6, 26:longe alia mihi mens est,
Sall. C. 52, 2:Vos aliam potatis aquam,
Juv. 5, 52:lectus non alius cuiquam,
id. 8, 178:ensesque recondit mors alia,
Stat. Th. 7, 806:ostensus est in alia effigie,
Vulg. Marc. 16, 12; ib. Rom. 7, 23; ib. Gal. 1, 6; ib. Jac. 2, 25:alium fecisti me, alius ad te veneram,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 123: alius nunc fieri volo, id. Poen. prol. fin.:homines alii facti sunt,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12:mutaberis in virum alium,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 10, 6; cf. supra, II. A. fin. —Hence, in alia omnia ire, transire, or discedere, sc. vota, to differ from the thing proposed; and in gen., to reject or oppose it, to go over to the opposite side: qui hoc censetis, illuc transite;qui alia omnia, in hanc partem: his verbis praeit ominis videlicet causa, ne dicat: qui non censetis,
Fest. p. 221; Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 19:frequens eum senatus reliquit et in alia omnia discessit,
Cic. Fam. 10, 12:de tribus legatis frequentes ierunt in alia omnia,
id. ib. 1, 2 Manut.: cum prima M. Marcelli sententia pronunciata esset, frequens senatus in alia omnia iit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13:discessionem faciente Marcello, senatus frequens in alia omnia transiit,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 53: aliud or alias res agere, v. ago, II. 7.—Of that which remains of a whole, = reliquus, ceteri, the rest, the remainder:G.Divitiaco ex aliis Gallis maximam fidem habebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 41:inter primos atrox proelium fuit, alia multitudo terga vertit,
Liv. 7, 26:vulgus aliud trucidatum,
id. 7, 19; 2, 23; so id. 24, 1:legiones in testudinem glomerabantur et alii tela incutiebant,
Tac. H. 3, 31; id. A. 1, 30; 3, 42:cum alios incessus hostis clausisset, unum reliquum aestas impediret,
id. ib. 6, 33 al.—Like alter, one of two, the other of two:H.huic fuerunt filii nati duo, alium servus surpuit, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 8; cf. id. ib. arg. 2 and 9: eis genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere;magnitudo animi par, item gloria, sed alia alii,
Sall. C. 54, 1 Kritz:duo Romani super alium alius corruerunt,
one upon the other, Liv. 1, 25, 5:ita duo deinceps reges, alius alia via, civitatem auxerunt,
each in a different way, id. 1, 21, 6; 24, 27:marique alio Nicopolim ingressus,
Tac. A. 5, 10 ( Ionio, Halm); so,alias partes fovere,
the other side, id. H. 1, 8.—Also in the enumeration of the parts of any thing:Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam Celtae,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1 Herz.:classium item duo genera sunt: unum liburnarum, aliud lusoriarum,
Veg. 2, 1 (cf. in Gr. meinantes de tautên tên hêmeran, têi allêi eporeuonto, Xen. Anab. 3, 4, 1; and so the Vulg.: Alia die profecti, the next day, Act. 21, 8).—Hence, alius with a proper name used as an appell. (cf. alter):ne quis alius Ariovistus regno Galliarum potiretur,
a second Ariovistus, Tac. H. 4, 73 fin.:alius Nero,
Suet. Tit. 7.—A peculiar enhancement of the idea is produced by alius with a neg. and the comp.:A.mulier, qua mulier alia nulla est pulchrior,
than whom no other woman is more beautiful, to whom no other woman is equal in beauty, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 100:facinus, quo non fortius ausit alis,
Cat. 66, 28:Fama malum qua non aliud velocius ullum,
Verg. A. 4, 174:quo neque melius neque amplius aliud in natura mortalium est,
Sall. J. 2, 4:quo non aliud atrocius visum,
Tac. A. 6, 24:(Sulla) neque consilio neque manu priorem alium pati,
Sall. J. 96, 3:neque majus aliud neque praestabilius invenias,
id. ib. 1, 2; Liv. 1, 24:non alia ante Romana pugna atrocior fuit,
id. 1, 27; 2, 31; Tac. A. 6, 7 al.; cf. under aliter, 2. b. z.—Hence the advv.ălĭō, adv. (an old dat. form, designating direction to a place; cf.: eo, quo), elsewhither (arch.), elsewhere, to another place, person, or thing, allose (class., esp. among poets; but not found in Lucr. or Juv.).1.In gen.a.Of place:b.fortasse tu profectus alio fueras,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 49:ut ab Norba alio traducerentur,
Liv. 32, 2:translatos alio maerebis amores,
Hor. Epod. 15, 23:decurrens alio,
id. S. 2, 1, 32:nam frustra vitium vitaveris illud, Si te alio pravum detorseris,
id. ib. 2, 2, 55.—With quo:Arpinumne mihi eundum sit, an quo alio,
to some other place, Cic. Att. 9, 17:si quando Romam aliove quo mitterent legatos,
Liv. 38, 30. —Of persons or things (cf. alias, alibi, alicunde, etc.):c.illi suum animum alio conferunt,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 10 (cf. Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 62:ne ad illam me animum adjecisse sentiat): ne quando iratus tu alio conferas,
id. Eun. 3, 1, 60 Don.:hi narrata ferunt alio,
Ov. M. 12, 57: tamen vocat me alio ( to another subject) jam dudum tacita vestra exspectatio, Cic. Clu. 23, 63; id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139:sed, si placet, sermonem alio transferamus,
id. de Or. 1, 29, 133:quoniam alio properare tempus monet,
Sall. J. 19, 2; so Tac. A. 1, 18 al.—Of purpose or design:2.appellet haec desideria naturae: cupiditatis nomen servet alio,
for another purpose, Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27:hoc longe alio spectabat,
looked quite elsewhere, had a far different design, Nep. Them. 6, 3.—a.. Alio... alio, in one way... in another; hither... thither, = huc... illuc:b.hic (i. e. in ea re) alio res familiaris, alio ducit humanitas,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89: alio atque alio, in one way and another:nihil alio atque alio spargitur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 2.—Alius alio, each in a different way, one in one way, another in another:c.et ceteri quidem alius alio,
Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:aliud alio dissipavit,
id. Div. 1, 34, 76; so Liv. 2, 54, 9; 7, 39.—So, aliunde alio, from one place to another:quassatione terrae aliunde alio (aquae) transferuntur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 11, 1; cf. aliunde.—Like alius or aliter with a negative and the particles of comparison quam or atque;B.in questions with nisi: plebem nusquam alio natam quam ad serviendum,
for nothing but, Liv. 7, 18, 7: non alio datam summam quam in emptionem, etc., * Suet. Aug. 98 Ruhnk.:quo alio nisi ad nos confugerent?
Liv. 39, 36, 11; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 232-234.—ălĭā, adv. (sc. via), in another way, in a different manner (in the whole ante-class. and class. per. dub.); for in Plaut. Rud. prol. 10, aliuta has been proposed; in Lucr. 6, 986, Lachm. reads alio; in Liv. 21, 56, 2, Weissenb. alibi; and in id. 44, 43, 2, via may be supplied from the preced. context; certain only in Don. ad Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 5; cf. Hand, Turs. I. p. 219.—C.ălĭās, adv. (acc. to Prisc. 1014 P., and Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 769, an acc. form like foras; but acc. to Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 5, 57, and Hab. Syn. 79, old gen. like paterfamili as, Alcmen as, etc. In the ante-class. per. rare; only once in Plaut., twice in Ter., twice in Varro; in the class. per. most freq. in Cic., but only three times in his orations; also in Plin.).1.Of time, at a time other than the present, whether it be in the past or (more freq.) in the future.a.At another time, at other times, on another occasion (alias: temporis adverbium, quod Graeci allote, aliter allôs, Capitol. Orth. 2242 P.; cf.b.Herz. and Hab., as cited above): alias ut uti possim causa hac integra,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 4; so id. And. 3, 2, 49 (alias = alio tempore, Don.):sed alias jocabimur,
Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:sed plura scribemus alias,
id. ib. 7, 6:et alias et in consulatus petitione vinci,
id. Planc. 18:nil oriturum alias,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 17.—In the future, freq. in contrast with nunc, in praesentia, tum, hactenus:recte secusne, alias viderimus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 135:Hactenus haec: alias justum sit necne poema, Nunc, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 63: sed haec alias pluribus;nunc, etc.,
Cic. Div. 2, 2 fin.; Liv. 44, 36 fin.: quare placeat, alias ostendemus; in praesentia, etc., Auct. ad Her. 3, 16, 28.—In the past:gubernatores alias imperare soliti, tum metu mortis jussa exsequebantur,
Curt. 4, 3, 18:alias bellare inter se solitos, tunc periculi societas junxerat,
id. 9, 4, 15.—Freq. with advv. of time;as numquam, umquam, and the like: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, aut etiam si numquam alias fuimus, tum profecto, etc.,
Cic. Att. 4, 2, 2:consilio numquam alias dato,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 45:numquam ante alias,
Liv. 2, 22, 7:non umquam alias ante tantus terror senatum invasit,
id. 2, 9, 5; 1, 28, 4:si quando umquam ante alias,
id. 32, 5 (where the four advv. of time are to be taken together):Saturnalibus et si quando alias libuisset, modo munera dividebat,
Suet. Aug. 75.—Alias... alias, as in Gr. allote... allote; allote men... allote de, at one time... at another; once... another time; sometimes... sometimes; now... now:c.Alias me poscit pro illa triginta minas, Alias talentum magnum,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 63; so Varr. L. L. 8, § 76 Mull.; id. R. R. 2, 1, 15; Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 120:nec potest quisquam alias beatus esse, alias miser,
id. Fin. 2, 27, 87:contentius alias, alias summissius,
id. de Or. 3, 55, 212:cum alias bellum inferrent, alias inlatum defenderent,
Caes. B. G. 2, 29; so id. ib. 5, 57 al.; it occurs four times in successive clauses in Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 99.—Sometimes plerumque, saepe, aliquando, interdum stand in corresponding clauses:nec umquam sine usura reddit (terra), quod accepit, sed alias minore, plerumque majore cum foenore,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:geminatio verborum habet interdum vim, leporem alias,
id. de Or. 3, 54, 206:hoc alias fastidio, alias contumacia, saepius imbecillitate, evenit,
Plin. 16, 32, 58, § 134; 7, 15, 13, § 63.—Sometimes one alias is omitted:illi eruptione tentata alias cuniculis ad aggerem actis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 3, 21; Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 13.—Alias aliter, alias alius, etc. (cf. alius), at one time in one way... at another in another; now so... now otherwise; now this... now that:d.et alias aliter haec in utramque partem causae solent convenire,
Cic. Inv. 2, 13, 45:alii enim sunt, alias nostrique familiares fere demortui,
id. Att. 16, 11 (Madv. interprets this of time):illi alias aliud iisdem de rebus judicant,
id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Or. 59, 200:(deos) non semper eosdem atque alias alios solemus venerari,
id. Red. in Sen. 30:ut iidem versus alias in aliam rem posse accommodari viderentur,
id. Div. 2, 54, 111.—Saepe alias or alias saepe... nunc, nuper, quondam, etc.;e.also: cum saepe alias... tum, etc. (very common in Cic.): quod cum saepe alias tum nuper, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 7:fecimus et alias saepe et nuper in Tusculano,
id. ib. 5, 4, 11:quibus de rebus et alias saepe... et quondam in Hortensii villa,
id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:quorum pater et saepe alias et maxime censor saluti rei publicae fuit,
id. de Or. 1, 9, 38:cum saepe alias, tum apud centumviros,
id. Brut. 39, 144:cum saepe alias, tum Pyrrhi bello,
id. Off. 3, 22, 86; 3, 11, 47:neque tum solum, sed saepe alias,
Nep. Hann. 11, 7.—In comparative sentences rare:nunc tamen libentius quam saepe alias,
Symm. Ep. 1, 90.—So,Semper alias, always at other times or in other cases (apparently only post-Aug.): et super cenam autem et semper alias communissimus, multa joco transigebat. Suet. Vesp. 22; id. Tib. 18; Gell. 15, 1.—f.Raro alias, rarely at other times, on other occasions:g.ut raro alias quisquam tanto favore est auditus,
Liv. 45, 20; 3, 69; Tac. H. 1, 89.—Non alias, at no other time, never, = numquam (a choice poet. expression, often imitated by [p. 92] the histt.):2.non alias caelo ceciderunt plura sereno Fulgura,
never at any other time did so much lightning fall from a clear sky, Verg. G. 1, 487:non alias militi familiarior dux fuit,
Liv. 7, 33; 45, 7:non alias majore mole concursum,
Tac. A. 2, 46; 4. 69;11, 31: non sane alias exercitatior Britannia fuit,
id. Agr. 5:haud alias intentior populus plus vocis permisit,
id. A. 3, 11, and 15, 46; Suet. Tit. 8; Flor. 3, 6.—Of place, at another place, elsewhere; or in respect of other things, in other circumstances, otherwise (only post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7):3.Idaeus rubus appellatus est, quoniam in Ida, non alias, nascitur,
Plin. 24, 14, 75, § 123 (Jan, alius): nusquam alias tam torrens fretum, * Just. 4, 1, 9:sicut vir alias doctissimus Cornutus existimat,
Macr. S. 5, 19.—Alias for alioqui (only post-Aug.), to indicate that something is in a different condition in one instance, not in others, except that, for the rest, otherwise:4.in Silaro non virgulta modo immersa, verum et folia lapidescunt, alias salubri potu ejus aquae,
Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224; so id. 18, 6, 7, § 37; 19, 8, 48, § 163; 25, 2, 6, § 16 al.—Non alias quam, for no other reason, on no other condition, in no other circumstances than, not other than; and non alias nisi, on no other condition, not otherwise, except (prob. taken from the lang. of common life):5.non alias magis indoluisse Caesarem ferunt quam quod, etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 73:debilitatum vulnere jacuisse non alias quam simulatione mortis tutiorem,
by nothing safer than by feigning death, Curt. 8, 1, 24; 8, 14, 16; Dig. 29, 7, 6, § 2: non alias ( on no other condition) existet heres ex substitutione nisi, etc., ib. 28, 6, 8; 23, 3, 37, 23, 3, 29.—Alias like aliter, in another manner; flrst in the Lat. of the jurists (cf. Suet. Tib. 71 Oud.; Liv. 21, 56, 2 Drak.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 49 Ruhnk.), Dig. 33, 8, 8, § 8; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 219-227. —D. 1.With comparative-clause expressed; constr. both affirm. and neg. without distinction.a.With atque, ac, quam, and rarely ut, otherwise than, different from what, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23:b.sed aliter atque ostenderam facio,
Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 6:aliter ac nos vellemus,
Cic. Mil. 9, 23:de quo tu aliter sentias atque ego,
id. Fin. 4, 22, 60; id. Att. 6, 3:si aliter nos faciant quam aequum est,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 42:si aliter quippiam coacti faciant quam libere,
Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29; id. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 24; id. Inv. 2, 22, 66:Sed si aliter ut dixi accidisset, qui possem queri?
id. Rep. 1, 4, 7.—Non (or haud) aliter, not otherwise (per litoten), = just as; with quam si, ac si, quam cum, quam, exactly, just as if:* c.Non aliter quam si ruat omnis Karthago,
Verg. A. 4, 669:dividor haud aliter quam si mea membra relinquam,
Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 73:nihil in senatu actum aliter quam si, etc.,
Liv. 23, 4; 21, 63, 9:illi negabant se aliter ituros quam si, etc.,
id. 3, 51, 12:nec aliter quam si mihi tradatur, etc., Quint. prooem. 5: ut non aliter ratio constet quam si uni reddatur,
Tac. A. 1, 6; 1, 49:Non aliter quam si fecisset Juno maritum Insanum,
Juv. 6, 619; Suet. Aug. 40:non aliter quam cum, etc.,
Ov. F. 2, 209; so id. M. 2, 623; 4, 348; 6, 516 al.:nec scripsi aliter ac si, etc.,
Cic. Att. 13, 51; Suet. Oth. 6; Col. 2, 14 (15), 8:Non aliter quam qui lembum subigit,
Verg. G. 1, 201:non aliter praeformidat quam qui ferrum medici, priusquam curetur, aspexit,
Quint. 4, 5, 5; so id. 4, 5, 22; 2, 5, 11:neque aliter quam ii, qui traduntur, etc.,
id. 5, 8, 1:patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter quam Institor hibernae tegetis,
Juv. 7, 220:successorem non aliter quam indicium mortis accepturum,
Tac. A. 6, 30.—Aliter ab aliquo (analog. to alius with the abl., and alienus with ab), differently from any one:d.cultores regionum multo aliter a ceteris agunt,
Mel. 1, 9, 6.—Non ali ter nisi, by no other means, on no other condition, not otherwise, except:e.qui aliter obsistere fato fatetur se non potuisse, nisi etc.,
Cic. Fat. 20, 48; id. Fam. 1, 9: non pati C. Caesarem consulem aliter fieri, nisi exercitum et provincias tradiderit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14; so Lentulus ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 18; Liv. 35, 39; 45, 11; 38; Tac. Or. 32; Just. 12, 14, 7; Suet. Ner. 36; Dig. 37, 9, 6; 48, 18, 9. —Non aliter quam ut, on no other condition than that:2.neque aliter poterit palos, ad quos perducitur, pertingere, quam ut diffluat,
Col. Arb. 7, 5; so Suet. Tib. 15; 24; id. Galb. 8; Curt. 9, 5, 23.—Without a comparative clause expressed.a.In gen., otherwise, in another manner, in other respects; and in the poets: haud aliter (per litoten), just so:b.vale atque salve, etsi aliter ut dicam meres,
though you deserve that I speak differently, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 86 Brix:tu si aliter existimes, nihil errabis,
Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 16:ut eadem ab utrisque dicantur, aliter dicuntur,
in a different sense, Plin. Pan. 72, 7:Si quis aliter docet,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 6, 3:quae aliter se habent,
ib. ib. 5, 25:Quippe aliter tunc vivebant homines,
Juv. 6, 11: quod uterque nostrum his etiam ex studiis notus, quibus aliter ignotus est, otherwise, i. e. personally, unknown, Plin. Ep. 9, 23, 3.—With negatives:non fuit faciendum aliter,
Cic. Att. 6, 9; Tac. A. 15, 68:Ergo non aliter poterit dormire?
Juv. 3, 281:aliter haud facile eos ad tantum negotium impelli posse,
Sall. C. 44, 1; Curt. 8, 10, 27:haud aliter Rutulo muros et castra tuenti Ignescunt irae (the comparison of the wolf precedes),
Verg. A. 9, 65:haud aliter (i. e. like a wild beast) juvenis medios moriturus in hostes Irruit,
id. ib. 9, 554 al.; Ov. M. 8, 473; 9, 642:non aliter (i. e. than I) Samio dicunt arsisse Bathyllo Anacreonta Teium,
Hor. Epod. 14, 10:neque Mordaces aliter (i. e. than by means of wine) diffugiunt sollicitudines,
id. C. 1, 18, 4:neque exercitum Romanum aliter transmissurum,
Tac. H. 5, 19:nec aliter expiari potest,
Vulg. Num. 35, 33. —So, fieri aliter non potest or fieri non potest aliter (not fieri non aliter potest): nihil agis;Fieri aliter non potest,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 13: assentior;fieri non potuit aliter,
Cic. Att. 6, 6.—Esp.(α).Pregn., otherwise, in the contrary manner: Pe. Servos Epidicus dixit mihi. Ph. Quid si servo aliter visum est? i. e. if he does not speak the truth? Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 29:(β).verum aliter evenire multo intellegit,
Ter. And. prol. 4 (aliter autem contra significat, Don.):amplis cornibus et nigris potius quam aliter,
Varr. R. R. 1, 20, 1: ne aliter quid eveniat, providere de cet, otherwise than harmoniously, Sall. J. 10, 7:dis aliter visum,
Verg. A. 2, 428:sin aliter tibi videtur,
Vulg. Num. 11, 15: adversi... saevaque circuitu curvantem bracchia longo Scorpion atque aliter ( in the opposite direction) curvantem bracchia Cancrum, Ov. M. 2, 83: aliterque ( and in the opposite course) secante jam pelagus rostro, Luc. 8, 197.—Hence, qui aliter fecerit, who will not do that:neu quis de his postea ad senatum referat, neve cum populo agat: qui aliter fecerit, etc.,
Sall. C. 51, 43; Just. 6, 6, 1; cf. Brisson. de Form. p. 200, and de Verb. Signif. p. 66.—Aliter esse, to be of a different nature, differently constituted or disposed:(γ).sed longe aliter est amicus atque amator,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 70: ego hunc esse aliter credidi: iste me fefellit;ego isti nihilo sum aliter ac fui,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 44; id. Ad. 3, 4, 46; Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137.—For alioqui (q. v. II. C.), otherwise, else, in any other case:(δ).jus enim semper est quaesitum aequabile: neque enim aliter esset jus (and just after: nam aliter justitia non esset),
Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42; 1, 39, 139; id. Lael. 20, 74:si suos legatos recipere vellent, quos Athenas miserant, se remitterent, aliter illos numquam in patriam essent recepturi,
Nep. Them. 7 fin.:aliter sine populi jussu nulli earum rerum consuli jus est,
Sall. C. 29, 3 Kritz:aliter non viribus ullis Vincere poteris,
Verg. A. 6, 147:veniam ostentantes, si praesentia sequerentur: aliter nihil spei,
Tac. H. 4, 59:quoniam aliter non possem,
Vulg. Sap. 8, 21.—Like alius (q. v. II. A.) repeated even several times in a distributive manner, in one way... in another: sed aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias. Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; so id. ib. 1, 12, 38; id. Lael. 24, 89; id. Fam. 15, 21, 6:(ε).aliter utimur propriis, aliter commodatis,
Tac. Or. 32:Aliter catuli longe olent, aliter sues,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 9:aliter Diodoro, aliter Philoni, Chrysippo aliter placet,
id. Ac. 2, 47, 143:idem illud aliter Caesar, aliter Cicero, aliter Cato suadere debebit,
Quint. 3, 8, 49: Et aliter acutis morbis medendum, aliter vetustis; aliter increscentibus, aliter subsistentibus, aliter jam ad sanitatem inclinatis, Cels. prooem. p. 10.—With alius or its derivatives, one in one way, another in another (v. alius, II. B.):(ζ).quoniam aliter ab aliis digeruntur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; id. Att. 7, 8; Liv. 2, 21; so id. 39, 53:hoc ex locorum occasione aliter alibi decernitur,
Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 30; so id. 25, 4, 10, § 29.—Non aliter, analog. to non alius (v. alius, II. H.) with a comp. (only in Plin.):non aliter utilius id fieri putare quam, etc.,
Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 28:idque non aliter clarius intellegi potest,
id. 37, 4, 15, § 59; so id. 22, 22, 36, § 78; 24, 11, 50, § 85; 28, 9, 41, § 148; cf. Hand, Turs. I. pp. 267-276. -
11 modo
mŏdŏ (scanned mŏdō, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 23; Lucr. 2, 11, 35; Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 107; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 480; Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 140), adv. [orig. abl. of modus, q. v.].I.Qs., by measure, expressing, like tantum, a restriction of the idea, only, merely, but.A.In gen.1.Affirmatively: ter sub armis malim vitam cernere, Quam semel modo parere, even once, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 298 Vahl.):2.semel modo,
only once, Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 30:uni modo gessi morem,
id. Most. 1, 3, 43:hoc autem si ita sit, ut unum modo sensibus falsum videatur, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf.:quorum genera plura sunt: hi unum modo quale sit suspicantur,
id. Or. 9, 28:nec audiendi quidam, qui tres modo primas esse partes volunt,
Quint. 3, 3, 4:paulum modo,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 15:perpauxillum modo,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 74; cf.:manus erat nulla, quae parvam modo causam timoris afferret,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 3:quae pacisci modo scis, sed quod pacta es, non scis solvere,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 88:ad ornandam modo, non augendam orationem assumuntur,
Quint. 8, 6, 39; cf. Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69:solere modo non etiam oportere,
id. Off. 3, 4, 18:doctrina ac litterae secundis rebus delectationem modo habere videbantur, nunc vero etiam salutem,
id. Fam. 6, 12, 5:circi modo spectaculum fuerat,
Liv. 7, 2: modo facito ut illam serves, only see that, etc., Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 59:modo fac, ne quid aliud cures, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1:aetatem velim servire, Libanum ut conveniam modo,
if I can only, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 8:modo ut tacere possis,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 9; cf.:concede, ut impune emerit, modo ut bonā ratione emerit,
if but. provided that, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10:modo ut haec nobis loca tenere liceat,
id. Fam. 14, 14, 1.— For the expressions dummodo, solummodo, and tantummodo, v. dum, solum, and tantum.—Negatively: non modo... sed (verum) etiam (et, or simply sed), not only... but also:B.ut non modo secunda sperare debeas, sed etiam adversa fortissimo animo ferre,
Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 5:non modo agendo, verum etiam cogitando,
id. Cael. 19, 45:illum non modo favisse, sed et, etc.,
id. Att. 11, 9, 2:non modo falsum id esse, sed hoc verissimum,
id. Rep. 2, 44, 71.— As to these expressions, and also respecting the omission of a second non in the latter clause, v. under sed and non.—In partic., in restrictive clauses, for ullo or aliquo modo, in any way or degree, at all, only, even:b.servus est nemo, qui modo tolerabili conditione sit servitutis, qui, etc.,
who is in any tolerable condition, Cic. Cat. 4, 8, 16; cf.:quamquam quis ignorat, qui modo umquam mediocriter res istas scire curavit, quin, etc.,
id. Fl. 27, 64; and:quis est omnium, qui modo cum Musis habeat aliquod commercium, qui? etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:nemo aliter philosophus sensit, in quo modo esset auctoritas,
id. Div. 1, 39, 86; cf.: servitus, honorifica modo, Brut. ap. Cic. ad Brut. 1, 17, 4:tum quam plurimis modo dignis, se utilem praebent,
be they but worthy, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:bonis viris... faciendum est, modo pro facultatibus,
id. ib. 2, 17, 58:decerne, modo recte,
id. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:itaque veniam, quo vocas, modo adjutore te,
id. Att. 16, 13, a, 1:atque utinam posset aliquā ratione hoc crimen quamvis falsa, modo humana atque usitata defendere,
if only, id. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 224.—Si modo, if only (freq.):c.tu si modo es Romae: vix enim puto, sin es, hoc vehementer animadvertas velim,
Cic. Att. 5, 8, 2:tute scis (si modo meministi) me tibi tum dixisse, etc.,
id. ib. 12, 18, 2:fortasse vici, si modo permansero,
id. ib. 12, 44, 3.— Poet. with subj.:si modo sola queant saxa tenere fidem,
Prop. 1, 18, 4.—Poet. and in jurid. Latin, modo si, for dummodo, if only, provided that:d.persequar inferius, modo si licet ordine ferri,
Ov. Tr. 2, 263:modo si ejus nomine opus fiat,
Dig. 39, 1, 18; 26, 2, 28; 19, 2, 19, § 10.—As a conjunction with subj., for dummodo, if only, provided that (freq. and class.):2.quos valetudo modo bona sit, tenuitas ipsa delectat,
Cic. Brut. 16, 64; id. Or. 9, 28:manent ingenia senibus, modo permaneat studium et industria,
id. Sen. 7, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 131:modo Juppiter adsit, Tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,
Verg. A. 3, 116.—So, modo ne for dummodo ne, if only not, provided that not:quae de Sicinio audīsti, ea mihi probantur: modo ne illa exceptio in aliquem incurrat bene de nobis meritum,
Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3:si quis est paulo ad voluptates propensior, modo ne sit ex pecudum genere, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 30, 105; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132.—Modo non, like the Gr. monon ouchi, all but, almost, nearly, = propemodum (ante- and post-class.):3.modo non montes auri pollicens,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 17 Don.:favet Fabi gloriae, quae modo non suā contumeliā splendeat,
Liv. 10, 24, 11:pictor equum venientem, modo non vivum, comprehenderat,
Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 7:modo non reclamante publico vigore,
Amm. 14, 7, 1; 16, 12, 16; 21, 14, 1; 22, 6, 2 al.—In colloq. lang. with imperatives, just, now, only:II.sequere hac modo,
Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 4:sedete hic modo,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 29:propera modo,
id. Men. 1, 4, 32:vide modo,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:ignem scrutare modo, inquam,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 276.—Indignantly:quin tu i modo,
begone now, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 182; so,i modo,
id. Stich. 3, 2, 23:tace modo,
be still now, id. As. 5, 2, 19.—With tu or vos ( poet. and post-class.):tu modo, dum licet, hunc fructum ne desere vitae,
Prop. 2, 15, 49; Verg. G. 3, 73:tu modo posce deos veniam,
id. A. 4, 50:vos modo, inquit, parcite,
Phaedr. 2, 8, 8; Curt. 9, 6, 24; 9, 2, 25.With specifications of time, like Gr. arti (reaching to the full measure of the time, fully).A.In gen.1.Of the pressent time, just now, just (ante-class. and poet.):2.quid? ego modo huic frater factus, dum intro eo atque exeo?
just now? Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 43:modo dolores, meatu, occipiunt,
Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 2 (evidenter hic modo temporis praesentis adverbium est, Don.):advenis modo,
id. Hec. 3, 5, 8 Don.:devoravi nomen imprudens modo,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 63:jam modo nunc possum contentus vivere parvo,
Tib. 1, 1, 25; cf.:peccare fuisset Ante satis, penitus modo nunc genus omne perosos Femineum,
Verg. A. 9, 141.—Of time just passed, just now, but this moment, a little while ago, lately (class.):3.nuper homines nobiles hujusmodi, judices, et quid dico nuper? immo vero modo ac plane paulo ante vidimus, qui, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7: Al. Ita uti dudum dixeras? Am. Dudum? quam dudum istuc factum est? Al. Temptas:jam dudum, pridem, modo,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 60: Ph. Quando? Do. Hodie. Ph. Quamdudum? Do. Modo, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 30:sum illi villae amicior modo factus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 4:quaeras putemne talem esse deorum naturam, qualis modo a te sit exposita,
id. N. D. 1, 21, 57:declaravit id modo temeritas C. Caesaris,
id. Off. 1, 8, 26:modo hoc malum in rem publicam invasit,
id. ib. 2, 21, 75:si hodie bella sint, quale Gallicum modo (i. e. twenty-two years earlier),
Liv. 6, 40, 17; cf. id. 22, 14, 13; Cic. Div. 1, 44, 99.—Opp. to nunc: qui nunc primum te advenisse dicas, [p. 1156] modo qui hinc abieris, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 63:in quā urbe modo gratiā, auctoritate, gloriā floruimus, in eā nunc iis quidem omnibus caremus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 2; id. Mur. 40, 86; 41, 88; Prop. 1, 18, 7.—With tunc, Tac. A. 2, 75.—Of time just to come, immediately, directly, in a moment (rare, and perh. not in Cic.):B.domum modo ibo,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 15; Liv. 26, 15:Artabanus tardari metu, modo cupidine vindictae inardescere,
Tac. A. 6, 32; 4, 50.—In partic.1.Modo... modo, now... now, at one moment... at another, sometimes... sometimes (class.):2.modo ait, modo negat,
sometimes he says Yes, and sometimes No, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 46:Cotta meus modo hoc, modo illud,
Cic. N. D. 1, 18, 47; id. Div. 2, 44, 93:modo his, modo illis ex partibus,
id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:o Academiam volaticam et sui similem, modo huc, modo illuc!
id. Att. 13, 25, 3:citus modo, modo tardus incessus,
Sall. C. 15, 5:laetos modo, modo pavidos animadverteres,
id. J. 60, 4:nebulonem modo, modo nugatorem appellat,
Liv. 38, 56.—Instead of modo... modo, we sometimes find:nunc... modo: nunc quereretur eundem accusatorem ac judicem esse, modo vitam sibi eripi, etc.,
Liv. 8, 32, 9.—Again, instead of the second modo (esp. in poets and in post-Aug. prose writers), we find:nunc aliquando, interdum, nonnumquam, saepe, rursus.—So, modo... nunc,
Ov. M. 13, 922; id. F. 4, 643; id. Tr. 1, 2, 27:modo ut reciperet imperium, nunc ut legatione fungeretur,
Tac. H. 2, 51:modo... aliquando,
id. A. 1, 81; 6, 35; 11, 34; 16, 10; id. H. 2, 74:modo... interdum,
Sall. J. 42, 1; 55, 9; 62, 9 Kritz.; 74, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 9 et saep.:modo... nonnumquam,
Suet. Tib. 66; id. Claud. 15; id. Calig. 52:modo... saepe,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 11:modo... modo... saepe,
Sall. J. 45, 2; Tac. H. 4, 84:modo... rursus,
Prop. 1, 3, 41.—Modo... tum (deinde, postea, etc.), at first... then, at one time... at another:sol modo accedens, tum autem recedens,
Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 102:(Xenophon) facit Socratem disputantem... et modo unum, tum autem plures deos,
id. ib. 1, 12, 31:et modo mundum, tum mentem divinam esse putat,
id. ib. 1, 13, 34; cf.:modo (Theophrastus) menti divinum tribuit principatum, modo caelo, tum autem signis sideribusque caelestibus,
id. ib. 1, 13, 35:et forte in eo loco grandis ilex coaluerat inter saxa paulum modo prona, deinde flexa, etc.,
Sall. J. 93, 4:modo... paulo post,
Val. Max. 7, 4, 5:modo... modo... postremum,
Tac. H. 4, 46:quid agerent, modo timentes, vicissim contemnentes religiones,
Cic. Leg. 2, 17, 43. -
12 tanti
tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].I.Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.1.With [p. 1841] quantus:2.nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,
id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,
id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,
Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,
Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—With ut.a.Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:b.tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B G 4, 17:non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?
Curt. 4, 10, 29:quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?
id. 6, 7, 30.—Denoting comparison:3.tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,
Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—With rel. qui, etc.:4.cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,
id. Sull. 2, 7:nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,
id. Marcell. 3, 8.—Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:5.tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:tantilla tanta verba funditat,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:ne tantae nationes conjugantur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 11:onus,
id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,
id. de Or 2, 20, 84:qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:tot tantaque vitia,
id. Verr 1, 16, 47:quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,
id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:conservare urbes tantas atque tales,
id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:tanta ista mala,
Sall. C. 40, 2;Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,
Verg. G. 2, 154:tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,
id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,
six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,sexcenta tanta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,
three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,
such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,
Lact. 1, 3, 21.—With quam:6.maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:tantus ille ventorum,
Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):B.cur tanto opere extimueras?
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):C.tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,
Val. Fl. 5, 636:lamentabile tantis urbibus,
Stat. Th. 11, 160:legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,
Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,
Luc. 7, 834. —Neutr. absol.1.tantum, so much, so many:b.habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,
Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):cum tantum belli in manibus esset,
Liv. 4, 57, 1:sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:tantum hostium intra muros est,
Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):tantum... dum,
Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:tantum modo... dum,
Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:2.vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—Gen. (of price) tanti:b.tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,
it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ubi me dixero dare tanti,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,
in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:3.tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,
Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,
id. ib. 1, 9, 22:etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,
id. Mil. 22, 58:juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 13, 2:cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),
Quint. 12, 8, 4:sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,
Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:b.quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,
id. B. C. 1, 81:tanto major vis, quanto recentior,
Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:bis tanto pluris,
id. Men. 4, 3, 6:ter tanto pejor,
id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:multo tanto miserior,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:post tanto,
Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,
Cat. 49, 6.—In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;4.so too: tanto melior,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:tanto hercle melior,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:tanto major! tanto augustior!
how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:tanto nequior!
so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,tanto miserior,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:II.danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,
Liv. 22, 27.Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):A.ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35:tantum navium,
id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:B.tantum, quantum quis fuge,
as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,
so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,
Nep. Con. 4, 1:tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,
Liv. 37, 39, 6:tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,
so long, id. 27, 42, 13:tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,
Plaut. Men. prol. 16:ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,
Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,
Verg. G. 4, 101:juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:tantum dissimilis,
id. ib. 2, 3, 313:Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,
Vell. 2, 11, 1.—(Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:b.tantum monet, quantum intellegit,
only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8:quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,
id. Par. 2, 17:dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,
id. Fl. 15, 34:notus mihi nomine tantum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,
Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,non tantum... sed,
id. 9, 3, 28:nec tantum... sed (etiam),
id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:unum flumen tantum intererat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:unum defuisse tantum superbiae,
Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;2.whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,
id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,
id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,
id. ib. 4, 6, 6:pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 62:velis tantummodo,
you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,
Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,
Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,
Liv. 9, 37, 2:Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,
id. 21, 32, 4; so,non tantummodo... sed etiam,
Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:non tantummodo... sed... quoque,
Vell. 2, 110, 5:non tantummodo... verum etiam,
Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,
Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—Particular phrases.a.Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):b.cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,
Liv. 5, 7, 2:tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,
id. 34, 40, 5:tantum non ad portam bellum esse,
id. 25, 15, 1:videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,
id. 37, 29, 9:cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,
id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,
Suet. Tib. 11:tantum non statim a funere,
id. ib. 52:tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,
id. ib. 66:tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,
id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,
only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,
id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,
Quint. 6, 2, 4.—Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):c.tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,
Vell. 2, 117, 1:haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,
Suet. Aug. 98:natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,
id. Ner. 6:tantum quod pueritiam egresso,
id. Aug. 63:dentem tantum quod exemptum,
id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):tantum alone = tantum quod,
Verg. E. 6, 16. —Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116. -
13 tanto
tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].I.Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.1.With [p. 1841] quantus:2.nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,
id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,
id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,
Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,
Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—With ut.a.Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:b.tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B G 4, 17:non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?
Curt. 4, 10, 29:quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?
id. 6, 7, 30.—Denoting comparison:3.tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,
Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—With rel. qui, etc.:4.cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,
id. Sull. 2, 7:nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,
id. Marcell. 3, 8.—Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:5.tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:tantilla tanta verba funditat,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:ne tantae nationes conjugantur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 11:onus,
id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,
id. de Or 2, 20, 84:qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:tot tantaque vitia,
id. Verr 1, 16, 47:quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,
id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:conservare urbes tantas atque tales,
id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:tanta ista mala,
Sall. C. 40, 2;Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,
Verg. G. 2, 154:tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,
id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,
six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,sexcenta tanta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,
three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,
such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,
Lact. 1, 3, 21.—With quam:6.maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:tantus ille ventorum,
Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):B.cur tanto opere extimueras?
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):C.tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,
Val. Fl. 5, 636:lamentabile tantis urbibus,
Stat. Th. 11, 160:legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,
Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,
Luc. 7, 834. —Neutr. absol.1.tantum, so much, so many:b.habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,
Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):cum tantum belli in manibus esset,
Liv. 4, 57, 1:sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:tantum hostium intra muros est,
Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):tantum... dum,
Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:tantum modo... dum,
Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:2.vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—Gen. (of price) tanti:b.tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,
it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ubi me dixero dare tanti,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,
in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:3.tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,
Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,
id. ib. 1, 9, 22:etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,
id. Mil. 22, 58:juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 13, 2:cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),
Quint. 12, 8, 4:sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,
Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:b.quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,
id. B. C. 1, 81:tanto major vis, quanto recentior,
Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:bis tanto pluris,
id. Men. 4, 3, 6:ter tanto pejor,
id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:multo tanto miserior,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:post tanto,
Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,
Cat. 49, 6.—In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;4.so too: tanto melior,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:tanto hercle melior,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:tanto major! tanto augustior!
how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:tanto nequior!
so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,tanto miserior,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:II.danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,
Liv. 22, 27.Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):A.ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35:tantum navium,
id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:B.tantum, quantum quis fuge,
as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,
so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,
Nep. Con. 4, 1:tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,
Liv. 37, 39, 6:tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,
so long, id. 27, 42, 13:tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,
Plaut. Men. prol. 16:ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,
Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,
Verg. G. 4, 101:juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:tantum dissimilis,
id. ib. 2, 3, 313:Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,
Vell. 2, 11, 1.—(Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:b.tantum monet, quantum intellegit,
only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8:quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,
id. Par. 2, 17:dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,
id. Fl. 15, 34:notus mihi nomine tantum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,
Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,non tantum... sed,
id. 9, 3, 28:nec tantum... sed (etiam),
id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:unum flumen tantum intererat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:unum defuisse tantum superbiae,
Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;2.whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,
id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,
id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,
id. ib. 4, 6, 6:pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 62:velis tantummodo,
you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,
Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,
Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,
Liv. 9, 37, 2:Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,
id. 21, 32, 4; so,non tantummodo... sed etiam,
Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:non tantummodo... sed... quoque,
Vell. 2, 110, 5:non tantummodo... verum etiam,
Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,
Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—Particular phrases.a.Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):b.cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,
Liv. 5, 7, 2:tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,
id. 34, 40, 5:tantum non ad portam bellum esse,
id. 25, 15, 1:videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,
id. 37, 29, 9:cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,
id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,
Suet. Tib. 11:tantum non statim a funere,
id. ib. 52:tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,
id. ib. 66:tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,
id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,
only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,
id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,
Quint. 6, 2, 4.—Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):c.tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,
Vell. 2, 117, 1:haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,
Suet. Aug. 98:natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,
id. Ner. 6:tantum quod pueritiam egresso,
id. Aug. 63:dentem tantum quod exemptum,
id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):tantum alone = tantum quod,
Verg. E. 6, 16. —Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116. -
14 tanto opere
tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].I.Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.1.With [p. 1841] quantus:2.nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,
id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,
id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,
Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,
Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—With ut.a.Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:b.tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B G 4, 17:non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?
Curt. 4, 10, 29:quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?
id. 6, 7, 30.—Denoting comparison:3.tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,
Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—With rel. qui, etc.:4.cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,
id. Sull. 2, 7:nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,
id. Marcell. 3, 8.—Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:5.tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:tantilla tanta verba funditat,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:ne tantae nationes conjugantur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 11:onus,
id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,
id. de Or 2, 20, 84:qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:tot tantaque vitia,
id. Verr 1, 16, 47:quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,
id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:conservare urbes tantas atque tales,
id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:tanta ista mala,
Sall. C. 40, 2;Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,
Verg. G. 2, 154:tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,
id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,
six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,sexcenta tanta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,
three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,
such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,
Lact. 1, 3, 21.—With quam:6.maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:tantus ille ventorum,
Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):B.cur tanto opere extimueras?
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):C.tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,
Val. Fl. 5, 636:lamentabile tantis urbibus,
Stat. Th. 11, 160:legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,
Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,
Luc. 7, 834. —Neutr. absol.1.tantum, so much, so many:b.habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,
Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):cum tantum belli in manibus esset,
Liv. 4, 57, 1:sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:tantum hostium intra muros est,
Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):tantum... dum,
Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:tantum modo... dum,
Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:2.vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—Gen. (of price) tanti:b.tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,
it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ubi me dixero dare tanti,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,
in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:3.tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,
Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,
id. ib. 1, 9, 22:etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,
id. Mil. 22, 58:juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 13, 2:cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),
Quint. 12, 8, 4:sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,
Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:b.quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,
id. B. C. 1, 81:tanto major vis, quanto recentior,
Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:bis tanto pluris,
id. Men. 4, 3, 6:ter tanto pejor,
id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:multo tanto miserior,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:post tanto,
Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,
Cat. 49, 6.—In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;4.so too: tanto melior,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:tanto hercle melior,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:tanto major! tanto augustior!
how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:tanto nequior!
so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,tanto miserior,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:II.danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,
Liv. 22, 27.Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):A.ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35:tantum navium,
id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:B.tantum, quantum quis fuge,
as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,
so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,
Nep. Con. 4, 1:tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,
Liv. 37, 39, 6:tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,
so long, id. 27, 42, 13:tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,
Plaut. Men. prol. 16:ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,
Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,
Verg. G. 4, 101:juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:tantum dissimilis,
id. ib. 2, 3, 313:Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,
Vell. 2, 11, 1.—(Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:b.tantum monet, quantum intellegit,
only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8:quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,
id. Par. 2, 17:dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,
id. Fl. 15, 34:notus mihi nomine tantum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,
Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,non tantum... sed,
id. 9, 3, 28:nec tantum... sed (etiam),
id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:unum flumen tantum intererat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:unum defuisse tantum superbiae,
Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;2.whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,
id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,
id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,
id. ib. 4, 6, 6:pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 62:velis tantummodo,
you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,
Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,
Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,
Liv. 9, 37, 2:Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,
id. 21, 32, 4; so,non tantummodo... sed etiam,
Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:non tantummodo... sed... quoque,
Vell. 2, 110, 5:non tantummodo... verum etiam,
Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,
Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—Particular phrases.a.Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):b.cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,
Liv. 5, 7, 2:tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,
id. 34, 40, 5:tantum non ad portam bellum esse,
id. 25, 15, 1:videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,
id. 37, 29, 9:cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,
id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,
Suet. Tib. 11:tantum non statim a funere,
id. ib. 52:tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,
id. ib. 66:tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,
id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,
only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,
id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,
Quint. 6, 2, 4.—Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):c.tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,
Vell. 2, 117, 1:haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,
Suet. Aug. 98:natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,
id. Ner. 6:tantum quod pueritiam egresso,
id. Aug. 63:dentem tantum quod exemptum,
id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):tantum alone = tantum quod,
Verg. E. 6, 16. —Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116. -
15 tantus
tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].I.Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.1.With [p. 1841] quantus:2.nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,
id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,
id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,
Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,
Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—With ut.a.Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:b.tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B G 4, 17:non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?
Curt. 4, 10, 29:quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?
id. 6, 7, 30.—Denoting comparison:3.tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,
Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—With rel. qui, etc.:4.cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,
id. Sull. 2, 7:nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,
id. Marcell. 3, 8.—Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:5.tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:tantilla tanta verba funditat,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:ne tantae nationes conjugantur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 11:onus,
id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,
id. de Or 2, 20, 84:qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:tot tantaque vitia,
id. Verr 1, 16, 47:quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,
id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:conservare urbes tantas atque tales,
id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:tanta ista mala,
Sall. C. 40, 2;Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,
Verg. G. 2, 154:tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,
id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,
six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,sexcenta tanta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,
three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,
such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,
Lact. 1, 3, 21.—With quam:6.maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:tantus ille ventorum,
Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):B.cur tanto opere extimueras?
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):C.tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,
Val. Fl. 5, 636:lamentabile tantis urbibus,
Stat. Th. 11, 160:legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,
Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,
Luc. 7, 834. —Neutr. absol.1.tantum, so much, so many:b.habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,
Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):cum tantum belli in manibus esset,
Liv. 4, 57, 1:sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:tantum hostium intra muros est,
Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):tantum... dum,
Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:tantum modo... dum,
Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:2.vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—Gen. (of price) tanti:b.tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,
it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ubi me dixero dare tanti,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,
in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:3.tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,
Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,
id. ib. 1, 9, 22:etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,
id. Mil. 22, 58:juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 13, 2:cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),
Quint. 12, 8, 4:sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,
Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:b.quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,
id. B. C. 1, 81:tanto major vis, quanto recentior,
Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:bis tanto pluris,
id. Men. 4, 3, 6:ter tanto pejor,
id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:multo tanto miserior,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:post tanto,
Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,
Cat. 49, 6.—In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;4.so too: tanto melior,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:tanto hercle melior,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:tanto major! tanto augustior!
how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:tanto nequior!
so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,tanto miserior,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:II.danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,
Liv. 22, 27.Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):A.ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35:tantum navium,
id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:B.tantum, quantum quis fuge,
as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,
so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,
Nep. Con. 4, 1:tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,
Liv. 37, 39, 6:tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,
so long, id. 27, 42, 13:tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,
Plaut. Men. prol. 16:ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,
Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,
Verg. G. 4, 101:juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:tantum dissimilis,
id. ib. 2, 3, 313:Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,
Vell. 2, 11, 1.—(Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:b.tantum monet, quantum intellegit,
only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8:quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,
id. Par. 2, 17:dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,
id. Fl. 15, 34:notus mihi nomine tantum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,
Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,non tantum... sed,
id. 9, 3, 28:nec tantum... sed (etiam),
id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:unum flumen tantum intererat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:unum defuisse tantum superbiae,
Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;2.whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,
id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,
id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,
id. ib. 4, 6, 6:pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 62:velis tantummodo,
you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,
Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,
Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,
Liv. 9, 37, 2:Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,
id. 21, 32, 4; so,non tantummodo... sed etiam,
Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:non tantummodo... sed... quoque,
Vell. 2, 110, 5:non tantummodo... verum etiam,
Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,
Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—Particular phrases.a.Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):b.cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,
Liv. 5, 7, 2:tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,
id. 34, 40, 5:tantum non ad portam bellum esse,
id. 25, 15, 1:videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,
id. 37, 29, 9:cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,
id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,
Suet. Tib. 11:tantum non statim a funere,
id. ib. 52:tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,
id. ib. 66:tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,
id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,
only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,
id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,
Quint. 6, 2, 4.—Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):c.tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,
Vell. 2, 117, 1:haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,
Suet. Aug. 98:natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,
id. Ner. 6:tantum quod pueritiam egresso,
id. Aug. 63:dentem tantum quod exemptum,
id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):tantum alone = tantum quod,
Verg. E. 6, 16. —Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116. -
16 tantum
tantum adv. [tantus], so much, so greatly, to such a degree, so far, so long, so: id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc., so far: rex tantum auctoritate eius motus est, ut, etc., N.: tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc., so long, L.: ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit.—With an adj., so: nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida, V.: iuventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae, H.— Only so much, so little, only, alone, merely, but: tantum monet, quantum intellegit, only so much: tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum, etc., Cs.: notus mihi nomine tantum, H.: excepit unum tantum: unum flumen tantum intererat, Cs.: unum defuisse tantum superbiae, L.—With non, only not, very nearly, almost, all but: cum vineae tantum non iam iniunctae moenibus essent, L.; cf. tantum non cunctandum nec cessandum esse, only there must be no delay (where non belongs not to tantum but to the verb), L.: dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur, L.—With quod, only, just, but just, a little before, hardly, scarcely: tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt; cf. tantum quod extaret aquā (where quod belongs not to tantum, but to the verb), L.— Just, only now (poet.): Serta tantum capiti delapsa, V.—In the phrase, tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but: tantum quod hominem non nominat.* * *so much, so far; hardly, only -
17 ab
ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:I.AF VOBEIS,
Inscr. Orell. 3114;AF MVRO,
ib. 6601;AF CAPVA,
ib. 3308;AF SOLO,
ib. 589;AF LYCO,
ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):abs chorago,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):abs quivis,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:abs terra,
Cato, R. R. 51;and in compounds: aps-cessero,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,
id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).In space, and,II.Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.I.Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):b.Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:fuga ab urbe turpissima,
Cic. Att. 7, 21:ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,
Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,
all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:c.oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,
id. ib. 1, 25, 2:profecti a domo,
Liv. 40, 33, 2;of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,
Liv. 8, 22, 6;of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,
Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,
id. 24, 40, 2.Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):B.Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,
id. Att. 7, 24:cum a vobis discessero,
id. Sen. 22:multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:so a fratre,
id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:a Pontio,
Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:ab ea,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.1.Of separation:2.ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:abesse a domo paulisper maluit,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,
Sall. C. 40, 5:absint lacerti ab stabulis,
Verg. G. 4, 14.—Of distance:3.quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,
id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,
Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,
id. Pis. 11, 26; and:tam prope ab domo detineri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,
eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,
id. 37, 38, 5). —To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:II.picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,
on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,
at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:erat a septentrionibus collis,
on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).Fig.A.In time.1.From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:2.Exul ab octava Marius bibit,
Juv. 1,40:mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,
immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:ab hac contione legati missi sunt,
immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:ab eo magistratu,
after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:a summa spe novissima exspectabat,
after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,
Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,
Liv. 30, 36, 1:statim a funere,
Suet. Caes. 85;and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,
id. ib. 60:protinus ab adoptione,
Vell. 2, 104, 3:Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,
soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,
i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,
i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:b.ab hora tertia bibebatur,
from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,
since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:vixit ab omni aeternitate,
from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,
Nep. Att. 5, 3:in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,
after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,
since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,
id. Sen. 6, 19; and:ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,
since, Sall. C. 47, 2:diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,
since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,
from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,
Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,
from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:B.qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,
from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,a pueritia,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:jam inde ab adulescentia,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:ab adulescentia,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1:jam a prima adulescentia,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:ab ineunte adulescentia,
id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:a primis temporibus aetatis,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:a teneris unguiculis,
from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:usque a toga pura,
id. Att. 7, 8, 5:jam inde ab incunabulis,
Liv. 4, 36, 5:a prima lanugine,
Suet. Oth. 12:viridi ab aevo,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;rarely of animals: ab infantia,
Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,a pausillo puero,
id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:a puero,
Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:a pueris,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:ab adulescente,
id. Quint. 3, 12:ab infante,
Col. 1, 8, 2:a parva virgine,
Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:a parvis,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:a parvulo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:ab parvulis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:ab tenero,
Col. 5, 6, 20;and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.1.In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):2.suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:hic ab artificio suo non recessit,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:condicionem quam ab te peto,
id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:si quid ab illo acceperis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:ab defensione desistere,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,
id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,
the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:tu nunc eris alter ab illo,
next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,
next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:quid hoc ab illo differt,
from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,
id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,
id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7:alieno a te animo fuit,
id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):subdole ab re consulit,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:haut est ab re aucupis,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,
Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).In partic.a.To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:b.a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1:ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,
id. ib. 1, 3:disputata ab eo,
id. ib. 1, 4 al.:illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,
id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:ita generati a natura sumus,
id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,
Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,
is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:salvebis a meo Cicerone,
i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,
i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:ne vir ab hoste cadat,
Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,
Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,
id. Off. 2, 6, 19:si calor est a sole,
id. N. D. 2, 52:ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),
id. Att. 16, 7, 5:metu poenae a Romanis,
Liv. 32, 23, 9:bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,
id. 3, 22, 2:ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,
id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:lassus ab equo indomito,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,
Prop. 5, 1, 126:tempus a nostris triste malis,
time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?
by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),
Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:si postulatur a populo,
if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:deseror conjuge,
Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;and in prose,
Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,
Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:c.pastores a Pergamide,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:Turnus ab Aricia,
Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,
Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:d.(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,
id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:e.da, puere, ab summo,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:coepere a fame mala,
Liv. 4, 12, 7:cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,
tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:f.a foliis et stercore purgato,
Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?
Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,
Liv. 21, 11, 5:expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,
id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,
Sall. C. 32:ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,
Liv. 21, 35, 12:ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,
Cic. Sest. 64, 133.With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:g.el metul a Chryside,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:ab Hannibale metuens,
Liv. 23, 36; and:metus a praetore,
id. 23, 15, 7;v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,
Cic. Sull. 20, 59:postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,
you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.With verbs of fastening and holding:h.funiculus a puppi religatus,
Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:i.a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,
Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):j.id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22.Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:k.doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,a frigore laborantibus,
Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:laborare ab re frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:l.ab ingenio improbus,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:a me pudica'st,
id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:orba ab optimatibus contio,
Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):locus copiosus a frumento,
Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,
id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,
id. Brut. 16, 63:ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,
Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;so often in poets ab arte=arte,
artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:m.linguam ab irrisu exserentem,
thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:ab honore,
id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:n.ab illo injuria,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:fulgor ab auro,
Lucr. 2, 5:dulces a fontibus undae,
Verg. G. 2, 243.In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:o.scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:nonnuill ab novissimis,
id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:p.qui sunt ab ea disciplina,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:ab eo qui sunt,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,
id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;q.in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,
one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,a manu servus,
a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:► a.a peregre,
Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:a foris,
Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:ab intus,
ib. ib. 7, 15:ab invicem,
App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:a longe,
Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:a modo,
ib. ib. 23, 39;Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,
Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:a sursum,
ib. Marc. 15, 38.Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:b.Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,
Cic. Pis. 37, 91:a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?
id. Sen. 6:a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?
id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—c.It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:d.a vitae periculo,
Cic. Brut. 91, 313:a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,
id. Arch. 6, 12:a minus bono,
Sall. C. 2, 6:a satis miti principio,
Liv. 1, 6, 4:damnis dives ab ipsa suis,
Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):e.aque Chao,
Verg. G. 4, 347:aque mero,
Ov. M. 3, 631:aque viro,
id. H. 6, 156:aque suis,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:a meque,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:abs teque,
id. Att. 3, 15, 4:a teque,
id. ib. 8, 11, §7: a primaque adulescentia,
id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.III.In composition ab,1.Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—2.It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.) -
18 demum
dēmum (also demus, like prorsus, quorsus, rursus, deorsus, Liv. Andr. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 70, 8 Müll.; Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 51 Ritschl and Brix), adv. [a sup. form from de, downmost; cf.: sub, summus], used to give prominence to an idea in opposition to or restriction of another, at length, at last, not till then; just, precisely; only, etc.I.In Latin of every period and description of writing (for syn. cf.: tandem, denique, postremum, primo).A.Enclitically with pronouns, like adeo (but less freq.), just, precisely, especially, exactly, indeed; also translated by an emphasis of the pronoun:(β).id demum lepidumst,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 14; cf.:sic sentio, id demum aut potius id solum esse miserum, quod turpe sit,
Cic. Att. 8, 8 init.:idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est,
Sall. C. 20, 4; cf. id. ib. 12 fin.:relinquere aculeum in audientium animis is demum potest, qui, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 18:tamquam ad eam linguam demum natus esset,
Quint. 6 prooem. §11: me fortuna hac demum voluit consistere terra,
Verg. A. 1, 629; cf. id. ib. 2, 743 al.:ille demum antiquis est adulescens moribus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 20:per quaedam parva sane, si ipsa demum aestimes, ducunt,
Quint. 1, 10, 5:vos demum, ut video, legem antiquastis sine tabella. Sed ego, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 38 (but Bait. vos quidem):quae demum causae secundam valetudinem praestent, Cels. praef.: jam vero exsilium, si rerum naturam, non ignominiam nominis quaerimus, quantum demum a perpetua peregrinatione differt?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107:sciscitando eo demum pervenit, ut haud procul esset, quin Remum agnosceret,
Liv. 1, 5 fin. —Strengthened by a preceding verum enim vero, or a following profecto:(γ).verum enim vero id demum juvat, si quem, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 2; Sall. C. 2, 9; cf. Liv. 4, 4:is demum profecto vitam aequa lance pensitabit, etc.,
Plin. 7, 7, 5.—Separated from the pronoun:B.hoc est demum quod percrucior,
Plaut. Bac. 5, 1, 13:illa seges demum,
Verg. G. 1, 47.—Enclitically with the adverbs nunc, tum, or tunc, post, modo, jam, ibi, sic, etc.; just, precisely, not till; also freq. expressed by more strongly accenting those particles.—a.Nunc demum, Gr. nun dê, now, now at length, at last (cf.: nunc adeo, under 2. adeo, no. B. 2. c.):(β).nunc demum ego cum illa fabulabor libere,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 40;so with scio,
id. Epid. 3, 4, 22; id. Mil. 2, 6, 62;with intellego,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 12; cf.:nunc demum rescribo iis litteris, quas, etc.,
Cic. Att. 16, 3; and:undevicesimo aetatis anno dicere in foro coepi et nunc demum, quid praestare debeat orator, adhuc tamen per caliginem video,
yet it is only now that I am at length beginning to see, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 8 et saep.—In Plautus with following conjunctions, cum, quoniam, etc.:(γ).nunc demum a me insipienter factum esse arbitror, Cum rem cognosco,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 80; cf. id. Rud. 4, 4, 78.—Separated by pol, edepol, or other words:b.nunc pol demum ego sum liber,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 14:nunc edepol demum in memoriam regredior, cum cogito, etc.,
id. Capt. 5, 4; 25; id. Cas. 4, 4, 14; id. Aul. 1, 2, 1:heu, nunc misero mihi demum Exsilium infelix!
Verg. A. 10, 849.—Tum demum, then at length, then indeed (so most freq., esp. in the historians;(β).in Caes. only in this connection): tum demum Liscus oratione Caesaris adductus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 50, 2; 1, 51, 2; Liv. 2, 20; 3, 12; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; Verg. A. 6, 330; 573; id. G. 3, 205; Ov. F. 4, 615 et saep.:utraque re satis experta tum demum consules,
Liv. 2, 29.—With foll. conjunct. ubi, si, cum, etc. (and in Plautus also separate; cf. above, no. 1. b. and c.):c.ubi expolivero, Magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 61; Sall. J. 46; Cels. 7, 27 fin.:si id facies, tum demum scibis, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Cic. Rep. 1, 24; cf. with quodsi, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4:ac tum demum, cum medium tenuere, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7:tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, Ubi, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—Once in this connection demum alone:servata res est demum, si illam videro,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 68.—Tunc demum (cf. Drak. Liv. 41, 3, 5):d.tunc demum intelleges, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 121; Suet. Calig. 9; Vulg. Gen. 41, 9; and with cum, Col. praef. fin.;with ubi,
Cels. 3, 6, and 10.—Post demum, afterwards, not till after:e.post eum demum huc cras adducam,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 65:post igitur demum, etc.,
id. Amph. 3, 1, 16.—With post as praep.: unas enim post idus Martias, Asin. Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 4:post biduum demum,
Suet. Aug. 10 fin. —Modo demum, only now, now for the first time:f.modone id demum sensti,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 11.—Jam demum, now at last, now (cf. dê... êdê, Eurip. Suppl. 980;g.Troad. 235),
Ov. Tr. 2, 8.—Ibi demum, just there:h.illic ibi demum'st locus, ubi, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 3; Quint. 10, 3, 13:ibi demum morte quievit,
Verg. A. 9, 445; cf. id. ib. 1, 629; Stat. Th. 2, 474; id. Silv. 2, 3, 14; cf.also ibi demum, of time,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 53.—Sic demum:k.sic demum socios consumpta nocte reviso,
Verg. A. 2, 795; 6, 154.—Ita demum, Vulg. 2 Mac. 6, 15.—2.With the abl. temp. or absol.:C.ego novus maritus anno demum quinto et sexagesimo fiam?
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 15:decimo demum pugnavimus anno,
Ov. M. 13, 209:quarta vix demum exponimur hora,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 23:hieme demum,
Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2:pontificatum maximum, quem numquam vivo Lepido auferre sustinuerat, mortuo demum suscepit,
Suet. Aug. 31; cf.:appellato demum collegio obtinuit,
id. Caes. 23:his demum exactis,
Verg. A. 6, 637:noctu demum rex recessit,
Curt. 7, 11, 20.—And once with the nominative of the part. perf.:damnatus demum, vi coactus reddidit Mille et ducentos Philippos,
i. e. not until condemned, Plaut. Bac. 2, 4, 38.—To add emphasis to the idea contained in a proposition, in fact, in very truth, certainly, indeed (rare):II.ea sunt enim demum non ferenda in mendacio, quae, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 15:immemor est demum, nec frugum munere dignus, qui, etc.,
Ov. M. 15, 122; Quint. 10, 6, 5;so to strengthen a comparative (cf.: adeo, etiam): latius demum ire,
further yet, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 156:num expositio haec longior demum esse debeat,
Quint. 4, 2, 79.—In postAug. Latin.A.Only, solely, exclusively ( = duntaxat, tantum, solum, tantummodo, modo): ne vulgarem viam ingressus, alienis demum vestigiis insisterem, Quint. prooem. § 3; id. 2, 15, 1:b.adeo suis demum oculis credidit,
id. 11, 3, 68: quaedam (verba) tertiae demum personae figura dicuntur, ut licet, piget, id. 1, 4, 29: [p. 545] qui (Cicero) non assecutus esset docendo judicem tantum et utiliter demum ac Latine perspicueque dicendo, ut, etc., id. 8, 3, 3 et saep.:nihil magis pro contione testatus est, quam id demum se habiturum, quod, etc.,
but just that, Suet. Oth. 6 et saep.:ut non is demum sit veneficus, qui vitam abstulit data potione, sed etiam qui mentem,
Quint. 9, 2, 105; cf.with the following verum etiam,
id. 7 prooem. § 1.—Ita demum, only so; then or in that case only; not till then ( = tum demum);B.esp. freq. in conditional propositions: si plus humoris excernitur quam assumitur, ita demum secundae valetudinis spes est,
Cels. 3, 21; Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 2; Suet. Claud. 25 al.—To point out something as taking place only after previous delay, at length, at last = tandem:* 2.quod oppidum Hispaniae frustra diu oppugnatum illitis demum galbano facibus succenderit,
Suet. Galb. 3; cf. corresp. with tandem, id. Calig. 6.—For denique no. II. 2, finally, in fine:ex quibus alium Ciceroni, alium Caesari, singulis demum singulos opponeremus,
Tac. Or. 26 fin. Cf. Hand Turs. II. p. 250-260; Zumpt ad Curt. 6, 39, 25; Mützell ad Curt. 3, 7, 8; 3, 22, 26. -
19 tum
tum adv., of time [3 TA-].—Of time past, then, at that time, in those times: placuit tum id mihi, T.: qui tum vexare cupiebant: vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant, L.: Caere, opulento tum oppido, L.: tum Staienus condemnatus est, i. e. in that trial.—In emphatic opposition to other advv. of time: tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopiā? T.: quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revolsa, nunc a me tamen deportata est: Et tum sicca, prius creberrima fontibus, Ide, O.—Of time present (only in orat. obliq., for nunc), now, at this time, then: quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore? if they were not now so, L.—Of time future, then, in that case, if that be done, thereupon: Tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars, H.: confer sudantes, ructantes... tum intelleges, etc.: agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem, qui sciet, etc., L.—Of time indefinite, then, at such a time, in such circumstances, in this instance, if so: nam quid agimus, cum sevocamus animum?... quid, inquam, tum agimus, nisi, etc.?—Repeated, tum... tum, sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another: tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur: dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites, L.—Of succession in time, then, thereupon, next, afterwards, forthwith: conlocari iussit hominem in aureo lecto... Tum ad mensam eximiā formā pueros iussit consistere: tum, prope iam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Virginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit, L.—In a series, repeated, or with other advv. or conjj. varying the expression: ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Iove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.: tum... alias... tum... alias: tum... tum... aliquando: tum... tum... aut... aut: modo... tum autem.—Fig., of succession in thought, and then, besides, also, moreover, again, further, on the other hand: Quot me censes homines iam deverberasse, Hospites tum civīs? as well as, T.: faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur.—After a general clause with cum, introducing a particular or emphatic assertion: cum... tum, as... so, while... also, not only... but also, as... so especially: Quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere, T.: cum omnium rerum simulatio vitiosa est, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime: movet patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor, L.—Cum, followed by tum vero, tum maxime, tum praecipue or tum inprimis, while... in particular, not only... but especially, while... above all, not only... but chiefly: cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.: cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc., Cs.: cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.— Cum, followed by tum certe, tum nimirum, tum etiam, tum quoque or tum praeterea, while... at least, as... so assuredly, both... and as well, not only... but moreover: at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis: cum memoriter, tum etiam amice, etc.: cum potestas maior, tum vir quoque potestati par, etc., L.—Referring to a temporal clause, with cum.—Of coincidence of definite time, tum... cum, or cum... tum, at the time when, at a time when, even when, already when: tum, quom gratum mihi esse potuit, nolui, T.: cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur: tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret, L.—Of succession in time, then, next, at once, forthwith: id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit: cum muros defensoribus nudasset, tum Afros ad subruendum murum mittit, L.—Of indefinite time, tum... cum, or cum... tum, at the time when, at a time when, at such times as, whenever: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adiungitur: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, O.—With ubi, of succession in time, then, next, at once, forthwith: ubi eorum dolorem cognovi, tum meum animum in illos proposui: ubi spectaculi tempus venit, tum orta vis, L.—Of indefinite time, ubi... tum, whenever: Post ubi tempust promissa iam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt, T.—With postquam or postea quam, of succession in definite time, then, at once: tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc., L.: posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc., as soon as.—In indefinite time, then, always: postquam commoditas prava dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum malitia praevertere urbīs adsuevit.—With ut, ut... tum, or tum... ut, when, after, as soon as: ut vero accessit cohortatio... tum vero filium seduxit: ut vero aquam ingressi sunt, tum utique egressis rigere corpora, L.—With quando, tum... quando, or quando... tum, when, as soon as: utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent.—With dum, then, meanwhile: dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit, V.—With quam diu, then, so long: qui, quam tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quam diu tecum in provinciā fuit, verum, etc.—With a relative, then, at that time: Quā tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis iunxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis iam fui ad pariendum mensibus, C. poët.—With an abl absol., then, thereafter, at once: ut morte eius nuntiatā tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur: ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello dictator rettulit, L.—Fig., in a conclusion after cum or si, then, therefore, consequently, in that case: cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo coepit, etc.: quid tum quaeso, si hoc pater resciverit? T.: Si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset, T. —In particular phrases, iam tum, already at that time, as soon as that: iam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri, T.: ut mihi iam tum divinasse ille videatur hanc urbem esse, etc.—Tum demum or tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, as late as that: tum demum Liscus, quod antea tacuerat, proponit, Cs.: quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus.—Tum primum, tum primo, or tum deinde, then first, then for the first time, not till then: ludorum gratiā, quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset: tum primo, L.: quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia conlegae subrogando habuit, L.— Hic tum, at this point, just here, just then: hic tum iniectus est hominibus scrupulus.—With emphatic particles, tum vero, tum enim vero, or enim vero tum, then indeed, just then, at that crisis, then if not before, then: discedit a Melino Cluentia. tum vero illa egregia mater palum exsultare... coepit: Quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... Sensit, Tum vero gemitūs... Edidit, O.—Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least: et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem, etc.—Ne tum quidem, not even then: num quis horum miser hodie? ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum.—Tum maxime or tum cum maxime, especially at that time, chiefly then, just then, precisely at that time: quem provincia tum maxime exspectabat: regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti, at that very time, L.—Etiam tum, even then, even at that time, even already, even yet: totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit: Ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos, not yet long, O.—Tum quoque, also then, then likewise, then as before, then too, then once more, even then: tum quoque homini plus tribui quam necessitati: tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis, L.—Tum autem, and then, besides further, moreover, nay even, statim se ad hominis egentis, tum autem iudicis, familiaritatem se applicavit: tanta enim tempestas cooritur... tum autem nives proluit, etc., Cs.— Tum ipsum, at that very time, just then, even then: id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere.—Quid tum? what then? what next? what further?: dic; cras est mihi Iudicium. quid tum? T.: videsne abundare me otio? A. quid tum?* * *then, next; besides; at that timecum...tum -- not only...but also
-
20 adeo
1.ăd-ĕo, ĭī, and rarely īvi, ĭtum (arch. adirier for adiri, Enn. Rib. Trag. p. 59), 4, v. n. and a. (acc. to Paul. ex Fest. should be accented a/deo; v. Fest. s. v. adeo, p. 19 Müll.; cf. the foll. word), to go to or approach a person or thing (syn.: accedo, aggredior, advenio, appeto).I.Lit.A.In gen., constr.(α).With ad (very freq.): sed tibi cautim est adeundum ad virum, Att. ap. Non. 512, 10:(β).neque eum ad me adire neque me magni pendere visu'st,
Plaut. Cur. 2, 2, 12:adeamne ad eam?
Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; id. Eun. 3, 5, 30: aut ad consules aut ad te aut ad Brutum adissent, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 208, 5:ad M. Bibulum adierunt, id. Fragm. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: ad aedis nostras nusquam adiit,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 24:adibam ad istum fundum,
Cic. Caec. 29 —With in: priusquam Romam atque in horum conventum adiretis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26 ed. Halm.—Esp.: adire in jus, to go to law:(γ).cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,
Cic. Verr. 4, § 147; id. Att. 11, 24; Caes. B. C. 1, 87, and in the Plebiscit. de Thermens. lin. 42: QVO DE EA RE IN IOVS ADITVM ERIT, cf. Dirks., Versuche S. p. 193.—Absol.:(δ).adeunt, consistunt, copulantur dexteras,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 38:eccum video: adibo,
Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 5.—With acc.:B.ne Stygeos adeam non libera manes,
Ov. M. 13, 465:voces aetherias adiere domos,
Sil. 6, 253:castrorum vias,
Tac. A. 2, 13:municipia,
id. ib. 39:provinciam,
Suet. Aug. 47:non poterant adire eum,
Vulg. Luc. 8, 19:Graios sales carmine patrio,
to attain to, Verg. Cat. 11, 62; so with latter supine:planioribus aditu locis,
places easier to approach, Liv. 1, 33.—With local adv.:quoquam,
Sall. J. 14:huc,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.—Esp.,1.To approach one for the purpose of addressing, asking aid, consulting, and the like, to address, apply to, consult (diff. from aggredior, q. v.). —Constr. with ad or oftener with acc.; hence also pass.:2.quanto satius est, adire blandis verbis atque exquaerere, sintne illa, etc.,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 35:aliquot me adierunt,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 2:adii te heri de filia,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 9: cum pacem peto, cum placo, cum adeo, et cum appello meam, Lucil. ap. Non. 237, 28:ad me adire quosdam memini, qui dicerent,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10:coram adire et alloqui,
Tac. H. 4, 65.— Pass.:aditus consul idem illud responsum retulit,
when applied to, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:neque praetores adiri possent,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5.—Hence: adire aliquem per epistulam, to address one in writing, by a letter:per epistulam, aut per nuntium, quasi regem, adiri eum aiunt,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 9 and 10; cf. Tac. A. 4, 39; id. H. 1, 9.—So also: adire deos, aras, deorum sedes, etc., to approach the gods, their altars, etc., as a suppliant (cf.:acced. ad aras,
Lucr. 5, 1199): quoi me ostendam? quod templum adeam? Att. ap. Non. 281, 6:ut essent simulacra, quae venerantes deos ipsos se adire crederent,
Cic. N. D. 1, 27:adii Dominum et deprecatus sum,
Vulg. Sap. 8, 21:aras,
Cic. Phil. 14, 1:sedes deorum,
Tib. 1, 5, 39:libros Sibyllinos,
to consult the Sibylline Books, Liv. 34, 55; cf. Tac. A. 1, 76:oracula,
Verg. A. 7, 82.—To go to a thing in order to examine it, to visit:3.oppida castellaque munita,
Sall. J. 94:hiberna,
Tac. H. 1, 52.—To come up to one in a hostile manner, to assail, attack:II.aliquem: nunc prior adito tu, ego in insidiis hic ero,
Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 52:nec quisquam ex agmine tanto audet adire virum,
Verg. A. 5, 379:Servilius obvia adire arma jubetur,
Sil. 9, 272.Fig.A.To go to the performance of any act, to enter upon, to undertake, set about, undergo, submit to (cf.: accedo, aggredior, and adorior).—With ad or the acc. (class.):B.nunc eam rem vult, scio, mecum adire ad pactionem,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 25:tum primum nos ad causas et privatas et publicas adire coepimus,
Cic. Brut. 90:adii causas oratorum, id. Fragm. Scaur. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: adire ad rem publicam,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:ad extremum periculum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 7.—With acc.:periculum capitis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38:laboribus susceptis periculisque aditis,
id. Off. 1, 19:in adeundis periculis,
id. ib. 24; cf.:adeundae inimicitiae, subeundae saepe pro re publica tempestates,
id. Sest. 66, 139: ut vitae periculum aditurus videretur, Auct. B. G. 8, 48: maximos labores et summa pericula. Nep. Timol. 5:omnem fortunam,
Liv. 25, 10:dedecus,
Tac. A. 1, 39:servitutem voluntariam,
id. G. 24:invidiam,
id. A. 4, 70:gaudia,
Tib. 1, 5, 39.—Hence of an inheritance, t. t., to enter on:cum ipse hereditatem patris non adisses,
Cic. Phil. 2, 16; so id. Arch. 5; Suet. Aug. 8 and Dig.;hence also: adire nomen,
to assume the name bequeathed by will, Vell. 2, 60.—Adire manum alicui, prov., to deceive one, to make sport of (the origin of this phrase is unc.; Acidalius conjectures that it arose from some artifice practised in wrestling, Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 8):2.eo pacto avarae Veneri pulcre adii manum,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 11; so id. Aul. 2, 8, 8; id. Cas. 5, 2, 54; id. Pers. 5, 2, 18.ăd-ĕō̆, adv. [cf. quoad and adhuc] (acc. to Festus, it should be accented adéo, v. the preced. word; but this distinction is merely a later invention of the grammarians; [p. 33] cf. Gell. 7, 7).I.In the ante-class. per.,A.To designate the limit of space or time, with reference to the distance passed through; hence often accompanied by usque (cf. ad), to this, thus far, so far, as far.1.Of space:2.surculum artito usque adeo, quo praeacueris,
fit in the scion as far as you have sharpened it, Cato, R. R. 40, 3.— Hence: res adeo rediit, the affair has gone so far (viz., in deterioration, “cum aliquid pejus exspectatione contigit,” Don. ad Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 5):postremo adeo res rediit: adulescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; cf. id. Ph. 1, 2, 5.—Of time, so long ( as), so long ( till), strengthened by usque, and with dum, donec, following, and in Cic. with quoad:B.merces vectatum undique adeo dum, quae tum haberet, peperisset bona,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 76; 3, 4, 72; id. Am. 1, 2, 10 al.:nusquam destitit instare, suadere, orare, usque adeo donec perpulit,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 36; Cato, R. R. 67; id. ib. 76:atque hoc scitis omnes usque adeo hominem in periculo fuisse, quoad scitum sit Sestium vivere,
Cic. Sest. 38, 82.—For the purpose of equalizing two things in comparison, followed by ut: in the same degree or measure or proportion... in which; or so very, so much, so, to such a degree... as (only in comic poets), Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 38:C.adeon hominem esse invenustum aut infelicem quemquam, ut ego sum?
Ter. And. 1, 5, 10.—Also followed by quasi, when the comparison relates to similarity:gaudere adeo coepit, quasi qui cupiunt nuptias,
in the same manner as those rejoice who desire marriage, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12.—(Only in the comic poets) = ad haec, praeterea, moreover, besides, too: ibi tibi adeo lectus dabitur, ubi tu haud somnum capias ( beside the other annoyances), a bed, too, shall be given you there, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 80.—Hence also with etiam:D.adeo etiam argenti faenus creditum audio,
besides too, id. Most. 3, 1, 101.—(Only in the comic poets.) Adeo ut, for this purpose that, to the end that:E.id ego continuo huic dabo, adeo me ut hic emittat manu,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 32:id adeo te oratum advenio, ut, etc.,
id. Aul. 4, 10, 9:adeo ut tu meam sententiam jam jam poscere possis, faciam, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 2, 26 (where Wagner now reads at ut):atque adeo ut scire possis, factum ego tecum hoc divido,
id. Stich. 5, 4, 15. (These passages are so interpreted by Hand, I. p. 138; others regard adeo here = quin immo.)—In narration, in order to put one person in strong contrast with another. It may be denoted by a stronger emphasis upon the word to be made conspicuous, or by yet, on the contrary, etc.:II.jam ille illuc ad erum cum advenerit, narrabit, etc.: ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 4 sq.; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 8 al.To the Latin of every period belongs the use of this word,A.To give emphasis to an idea in comparison, so, so much, so very, with verbs, adjectives, and substantives:B.adeo ut spectare postea omnīs oderit,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 65:neminem quidem adeo infatuare potuit, ut ei nummum ullum crederet,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:adeoque inopia est coactus Hannibal, ut, etc.,
Liv. 22, 32, 3 Weiss.:et voltu adeo modesto, adeo venusto, ut nil supra,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 92:nemo adeo ferus est, ut, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.—With usque:adeo ego illum cogam usque, ut mendicet meus pater,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 10:usque adeo turbatur,
even so much, so continually, Verg. E. 1, 12; Curt. 10, 1, 42; Luc. 1, 366.—In questions:adeone me fuisse fungum, ut qui illi crederem?
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49:adeone hospes hujus urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?
Cic. Rab. 10, 28; so id. Phil. 2, 7, 15; id. Fam. 9, 10; Liv. 2, 7, 10; 5, 6, 4.—With a negative in both clauses, also with quin in the last:non tamen adeo virtutum sterile saeculum, ut non et bona exempla prodiderit,
Tac. H. 1, 3; so Suet. Oth. 9:verum ego numquam adeo astutus fui, quin, etc.,
Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 13.—Sometimes the concluding clause is to be supplied from the first: quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem?... non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, viz.,
that we know not the Trojans and their history, Verg. A. 1, 565:adeo senuerunt Juppiter et Mars?
Juv. 6, 59.—Hence (post-Cic.): adeo non ut... adeo nihil ut... so little that, so far from that... (in reference to which, it should be noticed that in Latin the negative is blended with the verb in one idea, which is qualified by adeo) = tantum abest ut: haec dicta adeo nihil moverunt quemquam, ut legati prope violati sint, these words left them all so unmoved that, etc., or had so little effect, etc., Liv. 3, 2, 7: qui adeo non tenuit iram, ut gladio cinctum in senatum venturum se esse palam diceret, who restrained his anger so little that, etc. (for, qui non—tenuit iram adeo, ut), id. 8, 7, 5; so 5, 45, 4; Vell. 2, 66, 4: Curt. 3, 12, 22.—Also with contra in the concluding clause:apud hostes Afri et Carthaginienses adeo non sustinebant, ut contra etiam pedem referrent,
Liv. 30, 34, 5. —Adeo is placed enclitically after its word, like quidem, certe, and the Gr. ge, even, indeed, just, precisely. So,1.Most freq. with pronouns, in order to render prominent something before said, or foll., or otherwise known (cf. in Gr. egôge, suge, autos ge, etc., Viger. ed. Herm. 489, vi. and Zeun.): argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant: nam et bene et male credi dico; id adeo hodie ego expertus sum, just this (touto ge), Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 1; so id. Aul. 2, 4, 10; 4, 2, 15; id. Am. 1, 1, 98; 1, 2, 6; id. Ep. 1, 1, 51; 2, 2, 31; 5, 2, 40; id. Poen. 1, 2, 57: plerique homines, quos, cum nihil refert, pudet;2.ubi pudendum'st ibi eos deserit pudor, is adeo tu es,
you are just such a one, id. Ep. 2, 1, 2:cui tu obsecutus, facis huic adeo injuriam,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 68: tute adeo jam ejus verba audies, you yourself shall hear what he has to say (suge akousêi), Ter. And. 3, 3, 27: Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse jucundius: hanc adeo habebo gratiam illi, i. e. hanc, quae maxima est, gratiam (tautên ge tên charin), Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16:haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt,
even this, Verg. A. 11, 275.—It is often to be translated by the intensive and, and just, etc. (so esp. in Cic. and the histt.): id adeo, si placet, considerate, just that (touto ge skopeite), Cic. Caec. 30, 87:id adeo ex ipso senatus consulto cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, 143; cf. id. Clu. 30, 80:ad hoc quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, conturbari remp., quam minus valere ipsi malebant. Id adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem reverterat,
And just this evil, Sall. C. 37, 11; so 37, 2; id. J. 68, 3; Liv. 2, 29, 9; 4, 2, 2: id adeo manifestum erit, si cognoverimus, etc., and this, precisely this, will be evident, if, etc., Quint. 2, 16, 18 Spald.—It is rarely used with ille:ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 6.—Sometimes with the rel. pron.: quas adeo haud quisquam liber umquam tetigit, Plaut: Poen. 1, 2, 57; Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37. —With interrog. pron.:Quis adeo tam Latinae linguae ignarus est, quin, etc.,
Gell. 7, 17.—Adeo is joined with the pers. pron. when the discourse passes from one person to another, and attention is to be particularly directed to the latter: Juppiter, tuque adeo summe Sol, qui res omnes inspicis, and thou especially, and chiefly thou, Enn. ap. Prob.:teque adeo decus hoc aevi inibit,
Verg. E. 4, 11; id. G. 1, 24: teque, Neptune, invoco, vosque adeo venti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73;and without the copulative: vos adeo... item ego vos virgis circumvinciam,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 25.— Ego adeo often stands for ego quidem, equidem (egôge):tum libertatem Chrysalo largibere: ego adeo numquam accipiam,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 30; so id. Mil. 4, 4, 55; id. Truc. 4, 3, 73:ego adeo hanc primus inveni viam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 16:nec me adeo fallit,
Verg. A. 4, 96.—Ipse adeo (autos ge), for the sake of emphasis:atque hercle ipsum adeo contuor,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 24:ipsum adeo praesto video cum Davo,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 4:ipse adeo senis ductor Rhoeteus ibat pulsibus,
Sil. 14, 487.—With the conditional conjj. si, nisi, etc. (Gr. ei ge), if indeed, if truly:3.nihili est autem suum qui officium facere immemor est, nisi adeo monitus,
unless, indeed, he is reminded of it, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 2: Si. Num illi molestae quippiam hae sunt nuptiae? Da. Nihil Hercle: aut si adeo, bidui est aut tridui haec sollicitudo, and if, indeed, etc. (not if also, for also is implied in aut), Ter. And. 2, 6, 7.—With adverbs: nunc adeo (nun ge), Plaut. As. 3, 1, 29; id. Mil. 2, 2, 4; id. Merc. 2, 2, 57; id. Men. 1, 2, 11; id. Ps. 1, 2, 52; id. Rud. 3, 4, 23; Ter. And. 4, 5, 26; Verg. A. 9, 156: jam adeo (dê ge), id. ib. 5, 268; Sil. 1, 20; 12, 534; Val. Fl. 3, 70. umquam adeo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 23:4.inde adeo,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1:hinc adeo,
Verg. E. 9, 59: sic adeo (houtôs ge), id. A. 4, 533; Sil. 12, 646:vix adeo,
Verg. A. 6, 498:non adeo,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 57; Verg. A. 11, 436. —With adjectives = vel, indeed, even, very, fully:5.quot adeo cenae, quas deflevi, mortuae!
how very many suppers, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 59: quotque adeo fuerint, qui temnere superbum... Lucil. ap. Non. 180, 2: nullumne malorum finem adeo poenaeque dabis (adeo separated from nullum by poet. license)? wilt thou make no end at all to calamity and punishment? Val. Fl. 4, 63:trīs adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus,
three whole days we wander about, Verg. A. 3, 203; 7, 629.—And with comp. or the adv. magis, multo, etc.:quae futura et quae facta, eloquar: multo adeo melius quam illi, cum sim Juppiter,
very much better, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 3; so id. Truc. 2, 1, 5:magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā, contigit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15.—With the conjj. sive, aut, vel, in order to annex a more important thought, or to make a correction, or indeed, or rather, or even only:6.sive qui ipsi ambīssent, seu per internuntium, sive adeo aediles perfidiose quoi duint,
Plaut. Am. prol. 71:si hercle scivissem, sive adeo joculo dixisset mihi, se illam amare,
id. Merc. 5, 4, 33; so id. Truc. 4, 3, 1; id. Men. 5, 2, 74; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 9: nam si te tegeret pudor, sive adeo cor sapientia imbutum foret, Pacuv. ap. Non. 521, 10:mihi adeunda est ratio, quā ad Apronii quaestum, sive adeo, quā ad istius ingentem immanemque praedam possim pervenire,
or rather, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 46, 110; Verg. A. 11, 369; so, atque adeo:ego princeps in adjutoribus atque adeo secundus,
Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9.—With the imperative, for emphasis, like tandem, modo, dum, the Germ. so, and the Gr. ge (cf. L. and S.), now, I pray:C.propera adeo puerum tollere hinc ab janua,
Ter. And. 4, 4, 20 (cf. xullabete g auton, Soph. Phil. 1003).—Like admodum or nimis, to give emphasis to an idea (for the most part only in comic poets, and never except with the positive of the adj.; cf. Consent. 2023 P.), indeed, truly, so very, so entirely:D.nam me ejus spero fratrem propemodum jam repperisse adulescentem adeo nobilem,
so very noble, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:nec sum adeo informis,
nor am I so very ugly, Verg. E. 2, 25:nam Caii Luciique casu non adeo fractus,
Suet. Aug. 65:et merito adeo,
and with perfect right, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 42:etiam num credis te ignorarier aut tua facta adeo,
do you, then, think that they are ignorant of you or your conduct entirely? id. Ph. 5, 8, 38.—To denote what exceeds expectation, even: quam omnium Thebis vir unam esse optimam dijudicat, quamque adeo cives Thebani rumificant probam, and whom even the Thebans (who are always ready to speak evil of others) declare to be an honest woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 44.— Hence also it denotes something added to the rest of the sentence, besides, too, over and above, usually in the connection: -que adeo (rare, and never in prose; cf.III.adhuc, I.): quin te Di omnes perdant qui me hodie oculis vidisti tuis, meque adeo scelestum,
and me too, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 122; cf. id. 4, 2, 32:haec adeo tibi me, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia jussit,
Verg. A. 7, 427.After Caesar and Cicero (the only instance of this use adduced from Cicero's works, Off. 1, 11, 36, being found in a passage rejected by the best critics, as B. and K.).A.For adding an important and satisfactory reason to an assertion, and then it always stands at the beginning of the clause, indeed, for:B.cum Hanno perorāsset, nemini omnium cum eo certare necesse fuit: adeo prope omnis senatus Hannibalis erat: the idea is,
Hanno's speech, though so powerful, was ineffectual, and did not need a reply; for all the senators belonged to the party of Hannibal, Liv. 21, 11, 1; so id. 2, 27, 3; 2, 28, 2; 8, 37, 2; Tac. Ann. 1, 50, 81; Juv. 3, 274; 14, 233.—Also for introducing a parenthesis: sed ne illi quidem ipsi satis mitem gentem fore (adeo ferocia atque indomita [p. 34] ingenia esse) ni subinde auro... principum animi concilientur, Liv. 21, 20, 8; so id. 9, 26, 17; 3, 4, 2; Tac. A. 2, 28.—When to a specific fact a general consideration is added as a reason for it, so, thus (in Livy very often):C.haud dubius, facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore: adeo non fortuna modo, sed ratio etiam cum barbaris stabat,
thus not only fortune, but sagacity, was on the side of the barbarians, Liv. 5, 38, 4:adeo ex parvis saepe magnarum momenta rerum pendent,
id. 27, 9, 1; so id. 4, 31, 5; 21, 33, 6; 28, 19; Quint. 1, 12, 7; Curt. 10, 2, 11; Tac. Agr. 1:adeo in teneris consuescere multum est,
Verg. G. 2, 272.—In advancing from one thought to another more important = immo, rather, indeed, nay: nulla umquam res publica ubi tantus paupertati ac parsimoniae honos fuerit: adeo, quanto rerum minus, tanto minus cupiditatis erat, Liv. praef. 11; so Gell. 11, 7; Symm. Ep. 1, 30, 37.—D.With a negative after ne—quidem or quoque, so much the more or less, much less than, still less (post-Aug.):hujus totius temporis fortunam ne deflere quidem satis quisquam digne potuit: adeo nemo exprimere verbis potest,
still less can one describe: it by words, Vell. 2, 67, 1:ne tecta quidem urbis, adeo publicum consilium numquam adiit,
still less, Tac. A. 6, 15; so id. H. 3, 64; Curt. 7, 5, 35:favore militum anxius et superbia viri aequalium quoque, adeo superiorum intolerantis,
who could not endure his equals even, much less his superiors, Tac. H. 4, 80.—So in gen., after any negative: quaelibet enim ex iis artibus in paucos libros contrahi solet: adeo infinito spatio ac traditione opus non est, so much the less is there need, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 16; Plin. 17, 12, 35, § 179; Tac. H. 3, 39.—(The assumption of a causal signif. of adeo = ideo, propterea, rests upon false readings. For in Cael. Cic. Fam. 8, 15 we should read ideo, B. and K., and in Liv. 24, 32, 6, ad ea, Weiss.).—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 135-155.
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